Effect of Rotation, Management of Nitrogen Application, and Plant Residue on Corn (cv.SC704) Yield and Some
Soil Chemical Properties
K.
Mirzashahi
استادیار پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی آباد- دزفول. سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی
author
A. R.
Paknejad
مربی پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی آباد- دزفول. سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی
author
Sh.
Omidvari
استادیار پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان. سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی
author
text
article
2016
per
Environmental problems and instability of agricultural production has caused attracted special attention to those agronomic practices, such as determining the appropriate previous croprotation, management of crop residues, and the optimal use of fertilizers, especially nitrogen, particular attention should be. So, in order to study the effect of rotation (previous crops) and crop residue management on nitrogen application rate in corn (Zzea mays.L cv. SC704) planting and some of the soil chemical properties, this expereiment was conducted in 2008-2012 at Safiabad Agricultural Research Center, Dezful. The experiment was conducted as split- factorial in randomized complete block design with 16 treatments and three replications. Two levels of rotation (canola-corn and wheat-corn) were assigned to the main plots and nitrogen at four levels (0,100, 200, and 300 kg ha-1) and crop residue at two levels (maintaining all of crop residue and complete removal of crop residue) as factorial were randoimized in sub-plots. The results showed that the main effect of rotation on corn grain and biological yields and other traits were not significant. The main effect of nitrogen application had significant effects on corn grain and biological yields, 1000-grain weight, grain protein, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and organic carbon and available phosphorus and potassium after harvesting., Indeed, so that with nitrogen application, the mentioned indices parameters, except nitrogen utilization efficiency, increased. The main effect of crop residue on the studied traits was significant, except grain protein and nitrogen utilization efficiency. The effect of nitrogen and residue management on soil organic carbon was significant. With the increase of in nitrogen application rate and in the treatment maintaininged the crop residue, treatment compared with the removed- residue treatment, soil organic carbon increased. In general, the highest yields of grain (7724 kg ha-1) and biological biomass (14273 kg ha-1) were obtained from maintaining all of crop residue in conjunction with nitrogen application at the rate of ( 200 kg ha-1). Therefore, regarding to the condition of this experiment, application of 200 kg N ha-1 in combination with maintaining of the crop residue is recommended for corn production in this region.
Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization
2228-7124
30
v.
2
no.
2016
115
124
https://srjournal.areeo.ac.ir/article_106714_c0ce4ca7edd0a4c549b8d3483532bfa4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijsr.2016.106714
Effects of Water Stress on Nitrogen Consumption and Growth Parameters of Corn in Line Source Sprinkler Irrigation
P.
Hosseini
دانش آموخته گروه خاکشناسی، واحد داراب، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، داراب، ایران
author
A. H.
Ziaeyan
دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس
author
S.
Ghalebi
مربی پژوهش موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب
author
text
article
2016
per
The aim of this research was to study the effects of water stress on nitrogen and growth parameters of corn in a line source sprinkler irrigation system. For this purpose, effects of four levels of 0, 90, 180, and 270 kg N/ha from urea source and four level of irrigation water (6400, 7500, 8800 and 9500 m3.ha-1, I1, I2, I3, I4, respectively) in minimum tillage system were investigated by using a split-block design. In this tillage system, a combined cultivator was used and all tillage and cultivation operations were performed in one step. The results showed that the main effects of irrigation treatments on plant height, stem diameter, fresh yield, concentration and total uptake of nitrogen were significant at (P <0.01) levels. Nitrogen application also had significant effects (P <0.01) on plant height, fresh yield, moisture content of plants at harvest time, and total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Overall, the results showed that: 1) corn production was highly dependent on the amount of water used such that, at each level of nitrogen, reducing the amount of water reduced the yield, 2) the effectiveness of nitrogen depended on the amount of irrigation water, 3) the highest dry foliage yield was obtained from application of I1N270 treatment, and 4) there was no significant difference between I1N270 and some treatments such as I3N180 treatment (application of 180 kg nitrogen and 7,500 m3 irrigation water per hectare) and I2N90, therefore, in water scarcity condition and for similar areas, this treatment is recommended.
Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization
2228-7124
30
v.
2
no.
2016
125
135
https://srjournal.areeo.ac.ir/article_106715_fdfd01d472e45fc88a8b94f0ba2628fc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijsr.2016.106715
Effect of Potassium Application at Different Phonological Stages on Yield and Quality of Satsuma Mandarin
A.
Asadi Kangarshahi
استادیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران
author
N.
Akhlaghi Amiri
استادیار بخش علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران
author
text
article
2016
per
The aim of this research was to determine the role of optimum potassium fertilizer usage at phenological key stages of fruit growth in Miyagawa Satsuma mandarin in increasing the relative yield and fruit quality. To this end, potassium soil application (fertigation) and foliar application after fruit set, June drop, and cell expansion were evaluated in randomized complete block design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Results showed that the highest yield, fruit average weight, and leaf potassium concentration was obtained from K fertigation after fruit set (middle of the first stage of fruit growth) and K foliar application after fruit set in cell expansion stage (second phase of fruit growth). All treatments significantly decreased fruits sunburn percent and increased fruit size and relative grade of fruit size, compared to the control. Potassium foliar application after fruit set and June drop had the maximum impact on relative increase of fruit diameter compared to the control and the percent of larger fruit increased relatively. Also, results showed that foliar application of potassium reduced the number of small fruits and increased medium and large fruits percentages. According to these results, it is recommended that potassium application as base fertilizer (before growth starts) be avoided and soil application begins after fruit set by fertigation; also, split foliar application of potassium nitrate should be done after fruit set and physiological fruit drop (June drop).
Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization
2228-7124
30
v.
2
no.
2016
137
148
https://srjournal.areeo.ac.ir/article_106716_11b0c31242f305073e85a04fab847a7a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijsr.2016.106716
Land Suitability Evaluation with Fuzzy Simulation and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process for Irrigated Wheat
S. A.
Seyed Jalali
استادیار پژوهش مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب
author
F.
Sarmadian
استاد دانشگاه تهران
author
M.
Shorafa
دانشیار دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2016
per
Performance of proper method of land suitability for determination of land classes and subclasses for wheat production is very important. This research aimed to determine the quantitative impact of land characteristics on irrigated wheat production, using the theory of fuzzy logic and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) approach. The theory was applied to a land suitability assessment for irrigated wheat in Gotvand, Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran. The methodology was tested by comparing the observed yield and land indices calculated by fuzzy simulation and FAHP approach. Based on the result regression coefficient for fuzzy simulation and FAHP was, respectively, 0.82 and 0.27 and the corresponding standard errors of fit were 252 and 1263 kg/ha. Therefore, the model based on fuzzy simulation had higher accuracy and less error than FAHP. Therefore, fuzzy simulation model is the best method in this research and can be proposed for future study in land suitability evaluation studies.
Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization
2228-7124
30
v.
2
no.
2016
149
159
https://srjournal.areeo.ac.ir/article_106717_b6e90981fb41d724917be9c7f8e2392d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijsr.2016.106717
Phytoremediation of Cr+6 in Contaminated Soil Using Portulaca oleracea
E.
Azizi
استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
author
R.
Rahbarian
استاد یار گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
author
A.
Mirbolook
دانشجوی دکتری شیمی و حاصلخیزی خاک دانشگاه ارومیه و مدرس مدعو دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
author
text
article
2016
per
In recent years, expansion in industrial activities and urbanization has led to accumulation of high concentration of chromium in soil and water resources, which is a serious danger for environment and human health. In this research, potential of p < em>ortulaca oleracea in phytoremediation of Cr+6 polluted soil with different chromium concentration was studied. The plants were grown in pots containing soil concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg.kg- Cr+6(in the form of potassium dichromate) in greenhouse condition. At the end of vegetative growth period, concentration of Cr+3 and Cr+6 and also bioaccumulation factors in plant were measured. The results revealed that increase in soil chromium levels led to significant decrease in root and shoot dry matter and concentration of Cr+3 and Cr+6 increased in plant root and shoot. The increase of chromium concentration in soil, especially concentrations of more than 50 mg.kg-, reduced Translocation Factor of Cr+6 in plants. The total chromium concentrations exceeded 3400 and 1500 mg.kg- in root and shoots, in the treatment having 100 mg.kg- of Cr+6 in soil. Bioaccumulation factor in P. oleracea reached a value more than 1, which confirmed the role of p. oleracea as an effective Cr+6 accumulator in soils.
Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization
2228-7124
30
v.
2
no.
2016
161
172
https://srjournal.areeo.ac.ir/article_106718_b73ba6a441700a6bfe30ed1cf7bb1a76.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijsr.2016.106718
Effect of Increasing Salinity of Irrigation Water on Trend of Shrinkage Cracking Development in Paddy Fields
F.
Salahshour Dalivand
کارشناس طرحهای توسعه منابع آب شرکت سهامی آب منطقهای گیلان
author
N.
Davatgar
استادیار پژوهش موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب
author
M. R.
Yazdani
استادیار پژوهش موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور
author
A. H.
Nazemi
دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه تبریز
author
A. A.
Sadradini
دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه تبریز
author
text
article
2016
per
In the recent years, frequent droughts and construction and operation of different dams in the Sepidroud River watershed have markedly decreased water quality (increase salinity) and quantity of the river which is the most important water supply resources in Guilan province. It is predicted that in the next years, due to increasing intervals between irrigations, crack development will be inevitable due to the type of clay and its high content in Guilan paddy soils. Therefore, the loss of water in cracking soils is going to be considered as one of the most important problems. Besides, increase in irrigation water salinity affects soil physical properties associated with the soil shrinkage and crack developments. In this study, shrinkage cracking processes were investigated in laboratory using paddy soils, in the absence of rice plants, with 2, 3, 4 and 5 dSm-1salinity levels using shrinkage characteristic curve. The results showed that change in soil volume started with vertical subsidence and crack initiated at a moisture content almost close to saturation (50% to 55% gravimetric water). Also, the shape of aggregated was orthogonal. At higher soil salinity levels, the mean width and depth of cracks increased. At the end of the experiment, average width and depth of 5 dSm-1treatment were 4.9 and 16.6 cm, respectively, . In desiccation period, the trend of crack index changes showed that 2 dSm-1treatment had the lowest crack development and this factor increased by increasing soil salinity.
Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization
2228-7124
30
v.
2
no.
2016
173
186
https://srjournal.areeo.ac.ir/article_106719_5e9e75709c8f222d456edc3da23a1414.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijsr.2016.106719
Sequential Extraction of Non-Exchangeable Potassium and Its Relationship with Soil Properties, Mineralogy and Soil Taxonomy in Some Calcareous Soils of Fars Province
A.
Azadi
دانشجوی دکتری بخش علوم خاک دانشگاه شیراز
author
M.
Baghernejad
استاد بخش علوم خاک دانشگاه شیراز
author
N.
Karimian
استاد بخش علوم خاک دانشگاه شیراز
author
A.
Abtahi
استاد بخش علوم خاک دانشگاه شیراز
author
text
article
2016
per
Study on release rate of nonexchangeable potassium (NEK) is necessary for management and optimum use of soil resources and determination of availability and supplying power of potassium in soils containing potassium minerals. Information about NEK release rate in Fars Province calcareous soils is limited. The objective of this study included an investigation of the dynamics of NEK in some soils from Fars Province by successive extraction with 0.01M Oxalic acid and determination of the relation between kinetics of NEK release with soil properties and clay mineralogy. The results of this experiment showed that the initial NEK release rate was rapid, but slowed down later on. Results showed that cumulative K release ranged from 91 to 233 mg kg-1(average 144.3 mg kg-1). The amount of NEK released after 1028 h was significantly correlated with CEC, NEK, and CCE. Elovich, power function and First order equations described well the NEK release kinetics based on their highest determination coefficient and their lowest value of the standard error of the estimate. Maximum of potassium release was observed in Vertisols, probably because of high amount of clay content and the clay mineral of smectite and mica. Also, the amount of K release was in the following order: Vertisols>Alfisols> Inceptisols> Entisols>Aridisols. In the correlation test, the rate constants in the kinetic equations were correlated with some chemical properties and particle size distribution.
Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization
2228-7124
30
v.
2
no.
2016
187
199
https://srjournal.areeo.ac.ir/article_106720_499229f17f83af776b8c59ee30c41f45.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijsr.2016.106720
Spatial Variability of Infiltration Rate and Its Relationship with Some Soil Physical and Chemical Properties
in Kuhin Region
M.
Nikghalbpour
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه گیلان
author
H.
Asadi
دانشیار دانشگاه گیلان
author
M.
Gorji
دانشیار دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2016
per
In this study, spatial variability of infiltration rate was investigated on a landscape of 6.1 percent slope in Kuhin region. Infiltration rate was measured by double-rings infiltrometer at 33 points of 50-meter intervals along the landscape. Composite soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected during the infiltration experiments. The soil samples were analyzed for bulk density, aggregate stability, initial soil moisture content, textural fractions, organic matter and calcium carbonate equivalent. To investigate the spatial variability and fitting the best model, geostatistical methods were used by variogram analysis. Most of the measured properties showed spatial dependence. The content of calcium carbonate equivalent showed the strongest spatial dependence by 0.17 percent nugget effect. Final infiltration rate and parameter A of Philip's equation showed strong spatial dependence, coefficient a of Kostiakov's equation showed moderate spatial dependence, and S parameter of Philip's equation and b coefficient of Kostiakov's equation showed pure nugget effect.
Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization
2228-7124
30
v.
2
no.
2016
201
213
https://srjournal.areeo.ac.ir/article_106721_b49b3b7c485c02e5a2d6c55ad2ef07dd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijsr.2016.106721
Spatial Variability and Mapping of Some Physico-Chemical Properties in Surface Soils and Influence of Land Use Management on Them in Agricultural Lands South of Tehran
H.
Torab
دانشیار گروه مهندسی علوم خاک دانشگاه شاهد
author
N.
Davatgar
استادیار موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کشور
author
Sh.
Ghasemi
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد خاکشناسی دانشگاه شاهد
author
text
article
2016
per
Development of residential, commercial, and industrial areas and agricultural land use in sSouth of Tehran has, have caused changes in some physical and chemical properties in the soil environment. In this research, 196 soil samples were collected at depth of 0-30 cm, at 1000×1000m grids in 20000 ha agricultural lands of Ssouthern of Tehran. Soil texture, pH, calcium carbonate, cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon were measured. Geostatical analysis and, interpolation of soil properties by kriging and mapping were carried out by GS+ and ArcGIS software. Results showed that 26.3% and, 54.6% of lands were containeding of less than 0.9% and 0.9- to 1.2% of organic carbon, respectively. A lLands containing less than 0.9% of organic carbon is are often cultivated crops, residential areas, and barren lands. The land containings of 0.9-2.2% organic carbon is often cultivated to vegetables crops. Except the 29.9% of which lands which were affected by industrial waste water with a pH greater than 8, the remaining of lands have had a pH of 7.5 to 8. About 81% of the lands have had 5% to 15% lime and 78.6% of the lands have had a CEC of 20-35 cmolc kg-1. In this study, spherical models were fitted for organic carbon, pH, CEC, and lime. Exponential models were fitted for clay and silt and Gaussian model for sand. Use ofing wastewater, intensive agriculture, and specific management, especially for cultivation of vegetable crops, were had significant effects on soil properties.
Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization
2228-7124
30
v.
2
no.
2016
215
226
https://srjournal.areeo.ac.ir/article_106722_746895467b42b13e60bbd8207c5f54d0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijsr.2016.106722
Residual Effects of Burnings on Some Soil Chemical Properties in a Pasture in the Central Zagros
M.
Davoudi
کارشناس ارشد خاکشناسی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
author
M. A.
Hajabbasi
استاد، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
author
M. R.
Mosaddeghi
دانشیار، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
author
M.
Iravani
استادیار، کارگاه آموزشی علوم خاک آلبرتا
author
text
article
2016
per
Among various destruction factors affecting forests and grasslands, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, fire is considered the more dangerous factor and results in different physical, chemical, and biological changes in soil properties depending on the conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the residual effects of previously burned pastures on some soil chemical properties in Fereydan region of central Zagros. Fire in these areas was mainly due to human impacts. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with unequal replicates. Calcium carbonate equivalent and organic matter contents, soluble sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, available phosphorus, iron, manganese and zinc were measured by standard methods. The results showed that fire had a significant effect on some of the measured soil chemical properties. Soil organic matter content, soluble potassium, calcium and magnesium, available phosphorus, iron and manganese were increased due to firing. Mean comparisons showed that soil organic matter increased from 2.10% in the unburned to 4.12% in the burned portion of pasture. The soluble potassium, calcium and magnesium increased from 0.45, 6.42, and 1.19 in the unburned to 0.95, 9.91, and 2.22 meq/l in the burned areas, respectively. The available phosphorus, iron, and manganese were increased from 31.30, 18.22, and 37.29 mg/kg in the unburned to 34.17, 20.39, and 55.64 mg/kg soil in the burned soil. The overall impact of burning on soil chemical properties was greater in the first year after the fire, and the effect decreased with time.
Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization
2228-7124
30
v.
2
no.
2016
227
236
https://srjournal.areeo.ac.ir/article_106723_6eb3763b067e513b5a687d5cab4544b8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijsr.2016.106723