بررسی تأثیر جاذب‌های نانوذرات هماتیت و کوپلیمر اکریلیکی بر توزیع اجزاء آرسنیک در خاک

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان

2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان

3 مدیر ارشد آزمایشگاه نوین شیمیار، تهران

4 استادیار گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان

چکیده

آرسنیک ازجمله فلزهای سنگینی است که آلودگی خاک و آب­های زیرزمینی توسط آن شایع و نگران­کننده است لذا کاهش غلظت اجزاء متحرک آرسنیک بسیار حائز اهمیت است چرا که این اجزاء ارتباط مستقیمی با زیست فراهمی این فلز دارند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی کارایی جاذب­های نانوذرات هماتیت و کوپلیمر مالئیک انیدرید-استایرن- اکریلیک اسید در غیرمتحرک کردن آرسنیک و تاثیر آن­ها بر توزیع آرسنیک در اجزاء مختلف آن در خاک انجام شد. بدین منظور یک آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو نوع جاذب نانوذرات هماتیت و کوپلیمر مالئیک انیدرید- استایرن-اکریلیک اسید در سطح 2/0 درصد و در خاک آلوده شده با سطح 96 میلی گرم آرسنیک بر کیلوگرم از منبع نمک آرسنات سدیم (Na2HAsO4.7H2O) در سه تکرار انجام شد. خصوصیات نانوذرات هماتیت (α-Fe2O3) سنتز شده به وسیله تکنیک­های XRD،  SEMو  TEMبررسی گردید. تأثیر جاذب­ها بر غیرمتحرک نمودن و توزیع آرسنیک در خاک با روش عصاره­گیری دنباله­ای و با استفاده از دستگاه پلاسمای جفت شده القایی  (ICP) بررسی شد. تصویر­برداری از نانوذرات هماتیت نشان داد که متوسط قطر آنها 69/32 نانومتر و مورفولوژی آنها کروی است. نتایج نشان داد که تاثیر نوع جاذب بر غلظت آرسنیک بصورت غیراختصاصی و اختصاصی جذب شده، آرسنیک پیوند شده با اکسیدهای آهن و آلومینیوم آمورف و بلوری و آرسنیک باقیمانده معنی­دار بود و کاربرد هر دو نوع جاذب سبب کاهش غلظت آرسنیک بصورت غیراختصاصی و اختصاصی جذب شده گردید و نانوذرات هماتیت کارایی بیشتری از خود نشان داد. میزان کاهش غلظت آرسنیک قابل جذب خاک با کاربرد سطح 2/0 درصد جاذب­های نانوذرات هماتیت و پلی­مر اکریلیکی نسبت به شاهد به­ترتیب 31/65% و 53/62% بود. غلظت آرسنیک پیوند شده با اکسیدهای آهن و آلومینیوم آمورف و بلوری با افزودن نانوذرات هماتیت و غلظت آرسنیک باقیمانده با افزودن پلیمر بشدت افزایش یافت. جاذب­ها با تغییر توزیع آرسنیک در خاک، این فلز سمی را غیرمتحرک نمودند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Hematite Nanoparticles and Acrylic Copolymer Adsorbents on Distribution of Arsenic Fractions in Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • T. Mansouri 1
  • A. Golchin 2
  • M. R. Neyestani 3
  • H. Kouhestani 4
1 PhD. Student, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan
2 Professor, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan. Chief Director of the Novin Shimyar Lab, Tehran
3 Chief director of the novin Shimyar lab, Tehran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Zanjan
چکیده [English]

Arsenic (As) is one of the heavy metals whose contamination of soil and groundwater is common and disturbing. Therefore reducing the concentrations of labile fractions of arsenic is very important, because these fractions are bioavailable. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of hematite nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3) and maleic anhydride - styrene - acrylic acid copolymer on motility of arsenic in contaminated soils and arsenic distribution in different fractions in soil. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design and three replications. Two types of adsorbents including hematite nanoparticles and maleic anhydride - styrene - acrylic acid copolymer were applied at the rate of 0.2 percent in a soil contaminated with 96 mg As/kg. The structure and properties of the nanoparticles were determined using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of adsorbents on arsenic mobility and distribution in soil were assessed by sequential extraction method and using ICP devices. Imaging of hematite nanoparticles showed that the mean diameter of the particles was 32.69 nm and their morphology was spherical. The results showed that the effects of adsorbents on the concentrations of non-specifically and specifically sorbed arsenic, amorphous and poorly-crystalline hydrous oxides of Fe and Al, well-crystallized hydrous oxides of Fe and Al and residual phases were significant. Application of adsorbents decreased the concentrations of non-specifically and specifically sorbed arsenic and hematite nanoparticles had more efficiency. The reduction in the concentrations of non-specifically sorbed (available) arsenic at the application rate of 0.2% of the hematite nanoparticles and acrylic copolymer were 65.31% and 62.54%, respectively. A sharp increase was observed in the concentrations of poorly and well-crystalline hydrous oxides of Fe and Al by application of hematite nanoparticles. Also, the concentration of residual arsenic sharply increased by application of acrylic copolymer. Hematite nanoparticles and acrylic copolymer immobilized arsenic in the soil by changing its distribution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil contamination
  • Motility of arsenic
  • Immobilization
  • Sequential extraction

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 31، شماره 1
خرداد 1396
صفحه 89-101

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