تأثیر شوری و سدیم آب آبیاری و بافت خاک بر برخی ویژگی‌های مکانیکی خاک و رطوبت مناسب برای خاک‌ورزی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه خاکشناسی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

2 استادیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

3 دانشیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

چکیده

در بسیاری از کشورهای خشک و نیمه­خشک، جمعیت در حال ازدیاد و نیاز به افزایش تولید مواد غذایی مدیران را به در نظر گرفتن هرگونه منبع آب برای رشد و توسعه بیشتر مجبور می­کند. کیفیت آب آبیاری می­تواند ویژگی­های فیزیکی، شیمیای و بیولوژیکی خاک را تغییر دهد. در این پژوهش اثر بافت خاک، شوری و سدیمی بودن آب بر برخی ویژگی­های فیزیکی و مکانیکی خاک بررسی شد. دو خاک با بافت لوم­رسی و لوم­شنی با 12 نوع آب با کیفیت متفاوت، ترکیبی از چهار سطح شوری (EC) شامل 2/0، 1، 6 و 10 دسی­زیمنس بر متر و سه سطح سدیمی­بودن (نسبت جذب سدیم، SAR) شامل 1، 5 و 12، برای پنج بار تر و خشک شدند. حدود پایایی و شاخص­های خمیرایی و تردی، رس قابل پراکنش و رطوبت بهینه در آزمون تراکم پروکتور اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای آزمایشی ویژگی­های اندازه­گیری شده را بطور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر قرار دادند که نشان­دهنده تأثیر آب بر ریزساختمان و در نتیجه بر ویژگی­های مکانیکی خاک می­باشد. تأثیر شوری و سدیمی بودن آب در خاک لوم­رسی بیشتر از خاک لوم­شنی مشاهده شد. در خاک لوم­شنی، به علت وجود رس کم، تغییرات معنی­داری در مورد حدود پایایی مشاهده نشد، در حالی که در خاک لوم­رسی این تغییرات بارز و مشخص بود. برای هر تیمار شوری، افزایش SAR آب سبب افزایش شاخص خمیرایی و کاهش شاخص تردی گردید، که هر دو از عوامل ایجاد کننده خاک­ورزی نامطلوب می­باشند. افزایش کلسیم در هر تیمار SAR، سبب کاهش میزان رس قابل پراکنش و افزایش رطوبت بهینه آزمون پروکتور گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Salinity and Sodicity of Water and Soil Texture on Some Soil Mechanical Properties and Optimum Water Content for Tillage

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Taghizadeh Ghassab 1
  • A. Safadoust 2
  • M. R. Mosaddeghi 3
1 Former MSc student, Bu-Ali Sina University
2 Assistant Professor, Bu-Ali Sina University
3 Associate Professor, Isfahan University of Technology
چکیده [English]

In many arid and semi-arid countries, population growth and the need for increased food production are forcing the management planners to consider all sources of water to achieve further development. Water quality could affect soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. A laboratory experiment was carried out to study the effect of soil texture and salinity and sodicity of water on some physical and mechanical properties of the soil. Two soils with sandy loam and clay loam textures were treated with twelve waters with different qualities, i.e. combinations of four levels of salinity (EC) including 0.2, 1, 6, and 10 dS m-1 and three levels of sodicity (SARs of 1, 5, and 12), and were subjected to wetting and drying for five times. The consistency limits, plastic and friability indices, dispersible clay and optimum water content in Proctor compaction test were determined. The significant effects of treatments on the determined soil properties suggested that water quality altered the soil microstructure. Effects of salinity and sodicity on clay loam soil were more than sandy loam soil. Unlike the clay loam soil, in the sandy loam soil, the consistency limits did not significantly change as a result of low clay content. At each salinity treatment, the higher the SAR of water, the greater was the impact on soil microstructure; as the plasticity index was increased and friability index was decreased, both might result in undesirable tillage operations. Increase in the calcium concentration at each SAR treatment reduced the dispersible clay and increased Proctor test optimum water content.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Consistency limits
  • Water quality
  • SAR
  • Proctor test
  • Soil microstructure
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