نویسندگان
1 دکتری تخصصی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Soil water deficits and associated plant water stresses comprise the greatest abiotic hindrance to sustainable plant growth. Supplemental irrigation without water conservation practices is time consuming, and requires additional training. Thus, using new technologies is necessary for optimum water use efficiency. Subsurface water retention technology (SWRT) is a new method which improves characteristics of highly permeable sandy soils. Therefore, this study was established to investigate the effect of the SWRT, mulch, and water quality on height, 1000 grain weight, and yield of maize in an arid region of Kerman, Iran. This field study was performed in a complete randomized block design and factorial arrangement with three treatments: i) depths of polyethylene membrane sheets (without membrane installation, membrane installation at depths of 40, 60, and alternately 40 and 60 cm), ii) application of surface straw mulch (0 and 4 t.ha-1), and iii) irrigation by saline water (1.5 and 3.5 dS.m-1). All treatment plots were put under maize cultivation in June 2013 and 2015. The height of corn at the end of growth and 1000 grain weight and yield were measured after harvest in November each year. Results demonstrated that installing SWRT membranes below plant root zones substantially increased corn growth and production in the sandy soil. The maximum height and yield of corn were observed in the treatment with membrane depth at 60 cm. Based on the results of this research, application of mulch caused increase in yield (33.89 %) in SWRT treatment, while the increase in water salinity level decreased 1000 grain weight (29.13 %), height (15.35%), and yield of corn (33.7%).
کلیدواژهها [English]
بینام. 1391. دستورالعمل فنی ذرت (دانهای و سیلویی)، وزارت جهاد کشاورزی. معاونت امور تولیدات گیاهی. دفتر محصولات اساسی غلات، حبوبات و نباتات علوفهای.
بینام. 1392. تحلیل وضعیت آب و هوایی استان در سال 92. سازمان هواشناسی کشور، نشریه داخلی اداره کل هواشناسی استان کرمان، مرکز تحقیقات هواشناسی کاربردی استان کرمان. 33 ص.
لیاقت، ع.، پ. مشهوری نژاد و ا. پذیرا، ا. 1378. کنترل قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی و آب مصرفی گیاه با استفاده از آبیاری زیرزمینی لولهای و پوشش گیاهی روی سطح خاک. مجموعه مقالات هشتمین سمینار سراسری آبیاری و کاهش تبخیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان. ص 108-100.
نجفی نژاد، ح. و م. حسام الدین. 1382. اثر رژیمهای مختلف آبیاری و تراکم کاشت بر عملکرد دانه و برخی خصوصیات زراعی ذرت. مجله نهال و بذر. جلد 19 شماره 2. ص 172-155.Al-Dhuhli, H.S., S.A. Al-Rawahy, and S. Prathapar. 2010. Effectiveness of mulches to control soil salinity in sorghum fields irrigated with saline water. A monograph on management of salt-affected soils and water for sustainable agriculture, Sultan Qaboos University, pp. 41-46.
Amer, K. H. 2010. Corn crop response under managing different irrigation and salinity levels. Agricultural Water Management 97, 1553-1563.
Amirpour M., M. Shorafa, M. Gorji, and H. Naghavi. 2016. Effect of subsurface water retention using polyethylene membranes with surface mulch and irrigation on moisture, temperature and salinity of sandy soil of arid region in Iran. AES Bioflux, 8(1), 33-41.
Aragüés, R., E.T. Medina, A. Martínez-Cob, and J.Faci. 2014. Effects of deficit irrigation strategies on soil salinization and sodification in a semiarid drip-irrigated peach orchard. Agricultural Water Management 142: 1-9.
Basso, B., M. Bertocco, L. Sartor, and E. C. Martin. 2007. Analyzing the effects of climate variability on spatial pattern of yield in a maize–wheat–soybean rotation. European Journal of Agronomy 26, 82–91.
Bezborodova, G.A., D.K. Shadmanovb, R.T. Mirhashimovb, T. Yuldashevc, A.S. Qureshi, A.D. Noblee, and M. Qadir. 2010. Mulching and water quality effects on soil salinity and sodicity dynamics and cotton productivity in Central Asia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 138: 95–102.