تأثیر میزان رس و شوری خاک بر رابطه کربن آلی خاک با عملکرد گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی

2 کارشناس ارشد پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی

3 کارشناس مسئول تغذیه گیاهی مدیریت زراعت سازمان جهاد کشاورزی خراسان رضوی

چکیده

ویژگی­های خاک به طور بالقوه در افزایش و یا کاهش تجمع مقدار مواد آلی خاک مؤثر است. به منظور بررسی اثر کمّی کربن آلی خاک در عملکرد دانه گندم تعداد 202 مزرعه گندم آبی در استان خراسان رضوی انتخاب و میزان کربن آلی و سایر خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک در هر یک از مزارع تعیین گردید. در هر مزرعه عملکرد دانه گندم پس از ثبت به دوگروه جامعه با عملکرد بالا (بیش از 5 تن در هکتار) و جامعه با عملکرد پایین (کمتر از 5 تن در هکتار) تقسیم و هر یک از این گروه­ها نیز بر اساس قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی خاک (شوری) و میزان رس به گروه­های کوچکتری تقسیم شدند. نتایج نشان داد که همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری بین مقدارکربن آلی خاک و عملکرد دانه وجود دارد (01/0, P<64/0R2=)، اگرچه این همبستگی در جامعه با عملکرد پایین) 01/0, P<66/0R2adj =) نسبت به جامعه با عملکرد بالا (01/0, P<34/0R2adj=) قوی­تر بود. بر این اساس به ازای افزایش یک گرم در کیلوگرم کربن آلی در خاک عملکرد دانه گندم به طور میانگین 286 کیلوگرم در هکتار افزایش یافت. در حالی که رابطه مثبتی بین کربن آلی خاک و عملکرد دانه در خاک­هایی با میزان رس کمتر از150 گرم در کیلوگرم وجود داشت این رابطه در خاک­هایی با رس بیش از 150گرم در کیلوگرم ضعیف­تر بود. رابطه­قوی تری نیز بین کربن آلی خاک و عملکرد دانه در خاک­هایی با میزان شوری بیش­تر از 6 دسی­زیمنس بر متر نسبت به خاک­هایی با شوری کمتر از 6 دسی­زیمنس بر متر وجود داشت. این نتایج نشان داد که محدودیت خاک­های شور و سبک را می­توان با افزایش کربن آلی خاک تا حدود زیادی برطرف نمود. با توجه به وضعیت کربن آلی خاک در کشور و فرض تشابه نتایج بدست آمده از این مطالعه برای آن، با یک واحد افزایش کربن آلی خاک (1 گرم در کیلوگرم) 8/7 درصد به کل تولید گندم آبی کشور افزوده خواهد شد، با این وجود مقدار افزایش بستگی کامل به عملکرد جامعه هدف دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Relationship between Soil Organic Carbon and Wheat Grain Yield as Affected by Soil Clay Content and Salinity

نویسندگان [English]

  • P. Keshavarz 1
  • M. Zngiabadi 2
  • M. Abbaszadeh 3
1 Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center of Khorasan Razavi
2 Research M.Sc. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi
3 Plant Nutrition Supervisor, Jihad-e-Agriculture of Khorasan Razavi
چکیده [English]

Changes in soil characteristics can potentially increase or decrease the accumulation rate of soil organic carbon (SOC). This study was conducted to quantify soil salinity and clay content effects on the relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) and grain yield (GY) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in low and high yield population. To this end, 202 irrigated wheat fields were selected in all parts of the Khorasan Razavi province (NE Iran). The studied fields were divided into low yield population (LYP, GY< 5 Mg ha-1) and high yield population (HYP, GY ≥ 5 Mg ha-1) categories. The results showed that significant relationships existed between SOC content and wheat GY (R2=0.64, P<0.01). However, the correlation was stronger in LYP (R2adj =0.66, P<0.01) than HYP (R2adj =0.34, P<0.01). Each unit increase in the SOC (1g kg-1) on average could increase wheat yield by 286 kg ha-1. The SOC also exhibited a strong positive correlation with GY for soils with clay content < 150 g kg-1, but, when the soil clay content was ≥150 g kg-1, a weak relationship was obtained. Stronger positive correlation was observed between GY and the SOC for ECe ≥ 6 dS m-1 as compared to that for ECe< 6 dS m-1. The results demonstrate that the adverse effect of low clay content and high soil salinity level on wheat GY can be markedly improved by increase in SOC. Considering the prevailing conditions of SOC in Iran and assuming that results similar to this study will be obtained in other parts of the country, increase in SOC by 1g kg-1 could increase irrigated wheat production of Iran by 7.8%. Nevertheless, the increase in GY depends on SOC content and yield target population. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Irrigated wheat
  • Khorasan Razavi Province
  • Soil ECe

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 27، شماره 3
آذر 1392
صفحه 359-371

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