رابطه بین شکل‌های شیمیایی کادمیوم خاک و غلظت آن در دانه گندم در برخی از خاک‌های استان خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دانشگاه آزاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان، گروه خاکشناسی

2 عضو هیأت علمی موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کشور

3 عضو هیأت علمی گروه خاکشناسی دانشگاه شهیدچمران اهواز

چکیده

در این مطالعه 32 نمونه خاک سطحی (صفر تا 30 سانتیمتر) با خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی متنوع از نقاط مختلف استان خوزستان برداشته و شکل­های شیمیایی کادمیوم (Cd) به روش عصاره­گیری دنباله­ای در این خاک­ها استخراج گردید. پس از انجام مطالعات شکل­های شیمیایی، به منظور بررسی ارتباط بین این شکل­ها و جذب گیاهی اقدام به کشت گیاه گندم در شرایط گلخانه در خاک­های مورد مطالعه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که بین کادمیوم قابل استخراج با DTPA و قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی (EC) ارتباط معنی­داری(r = 0.65, p < 0.01) وجود دارد. از بین شکل­های شیمیائی کادمیوم در خاک شکل محلول+تبادلی کمترین (1/5 درصد) و شکل کربناتی بیشترین (40 درصد) مقدار کادمیوم را به خود اختصاص دادند. شکل کادمیوم محلول+تبادلی همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری با میزان کادمیوم قابل استخراج با DTPA و قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی خاک­ها نشان داد. شکل کربناتی کادمیوم نیز همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری با درصد رس و میزان کربنات کلسیم فعال خاک نشان داد. بین میزان کادمیوم جذب شده در دانه گندم کشت شده بروی خاک­های مورد مطالعه و خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک­ها و نیز شکل­های شیمیایی کادمیوم ارتباط معنی­داری مشاهده نگردید. در حالیکه ارزیابی توزیع وضعیت مقدار کادمیوم کل در این خاک­ها و مقایسه آن با حدود ذکر شده در منابع علمی حاکی از آلودگی بیش از نیمی از خاک­ها (1/53%) به کادمیوم بود، مقایسه این مقادیر با اطلاعات جذب کادمیوم در دانه نسبت به حد مجاز آلودگی ( 1/3% بالاتر از حد مجاز)، نشان داد که مقادیر کادمیوم کل خاک، حداقل برای پیش­بینی جذب کادمیوم در دانه گندم شاخص مناسبی نیست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Chemical Forms of Soil Cadmium and Its Concentration in Wheat Grain in Some Calcareous Soils of Khuzestan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Khanmirzaei 1
  • K. Bazargan 2
  • abdulamir moezzi 3
  • K. Shahbazi 2
1 Former Graduate Student, Department of Soil Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khuozestan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Chamran University of Ahwaz. College of Agriculture. Soil Science Department
چکیده [English]

Twenty two soil samples with various chemical and physical properties were collected from different sites of Khuzestan province and chemical forms of soil cadmium (Cd) were determined using a sequential extraction technique. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the relationships between the chemical forms of cadmium and its availability for wheat plant. The results showed a positive correlation between soil DTPA-extractable Cd and electrical conductivity (EC) in the studied soils(r = 0.65, p < 0.01). The soluble+exchangeable form was lowest (5.1%) and the carbonate fraction was the highest (40%) cadmium fraction in these soils. Soluble+exchangeable fraction was positively correlated with soil DTPA-extractable Cd and electrical conductivity. Carbonate fraction showed a significant correlation between clay and active carbonate calcium content in the studied soils. The results also showed that cadmium concentration in wheat grain was not correlated with any soil physico-chemical properties as well as soil Cd fractions. Although comparing the results for soil total Cd with those reported as contamination threshold revealed that more than fifty percent of the studied soils were Cd contaminated, only 3.1% of the grain samples exceeded maximum permissible Cd concentration suggesting total Cd concentration is not an appropriate index for Cd uptake from soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sequential extraction
  • Cadmium chemical forms
  • Wheat

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 26، شماره 4
اردیبهشت 1391
صفحه 347-357

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