بررسی اثر کوتاه‌مدت خاک‌ورزی و کاربرد کود گاوی برروی جمعیت جانوران خاک تحت کشت ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد خاکشناسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 دانشیار گروه خاکشناسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 مربی پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کردستان

4 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب

چکیده

خاک­ورزی از مهمترین اجزاء سیستم­های مدیریت خاک در راستای کشاورزی پایدار محسوب می­شود که جمعیت و تنوع جانداران خاک را تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهد. به همین علت اطلاع داشتن از اثرات کوتاه و دراز مدت خاک­ورزی بر روی جانداران خاک به انتخاب سیستم­های مناسب­تر مدیریتی کمک می­کند. در این راستا آزمایشی در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی گریزه واقع در سنندج از فروردین 1387 تا شهریور همان سال به اجرا درآمد و اثرات سه سیستم خاک­ورزی (سنتی (CT)، حداقل (MT) و بی­خاک­ورزی (NT))، سه سطح کود گاوی (0 و 20 و 40 تن در هکتار) طی سه دوره نمونه­برداری روی تغییرات جمعیتی کرم­های خاکی (نماینده گروه ماکروفون)، کنه­ها و پادمان (نمایندگان گروه مزوفون)، و نماتدها (نماینده گروه میکروفون) خاک مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. وزن­مخصوص ظاهری خاک در همان نقاط نمونه­برداری از کرم های خاکی، کنه­ها و پادمان، و نماتدها اندازه گیری شد. گیاه مورد استفاده برای کشت رقم ذرت SC704 بود. در کوتاه­مدت تفاوت معنی­داری بین اثر تیمارها برروی وزن مخصوص ظاهری در خاکی با بافت لوم شنی مشاهده نشد. خاک ورزی بر روی جمعیت گروه­های میکروفون و مزو فون تأثیر معنی داری نداشت اما برروی جمعیت ماکروفون (کرم خاکی) اثر معنی­دار آن مشاهده شد. از طرفی بین خاک­ورزی و سیستم بی­خاک­ورزی تفاوت معنی­داری در زیتوده ذرت وجود داشت اما بین خاک­ورزی سنتی و خاک­ورزی حداقل تفاوت معنی­دار نبود. کودگاوی اثر معنی­دار مثبتی بر جمعیت نماتدهای خاک و زیتوده ذرت داشت. به طورکلی با توجه به نتایج به نظر می­رسد که سیستم مدیریتی خاک­ورزی حداقل و کاربرد حداقل 40 تن بر هکتار کود گاوی از
جنبه­های زراعی و بیولوژی در شرایط اقلیمی و خاکی مشابه، مطلوب هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Short Term Effects of Soil Tillage and Animal Manure Application on Soil Fauna under Corn Cultivation

نویسندگان [English]

  • J. Moradi 1
  • Hosseinali Bahrami 2
  • Mohammad Hossein Sedri 3
  • Hossein Besharati 4
1 Graduated student of Tarbiat Modares Univ;
2 Assistant Professor, of Tarbiat Modares Univ
3 Member of Scientific Staff of Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center
4 Assistant Professor, of Soil and Water Research Institute
چکیده [English]

One of the important components of soil management systems for sustainable agriculture is soil tillage. Tillage affects soil organisms through changes in soil properties. Hence, knowledge of short and long term effects of tillage on soil organisms is important in choosing better management systems for a sustainable agriculture. In order to investigate the short term effects of soil tillage and cow manure application on soil fauna under corn cultivation, an experiment was carried out from April until September 2008, in Grizeh Research Station of Kurdistan Province in Iran. The soil is classified as the Grizeh soil series (Fine, Mixed, Thermic, Fluventic, Xerochrepts). Treatments consisted of three tillage systems including Conventional Tillage (CT) (moldboard plow + disking), Minimum Tillage (MT) (disking), and No Tillage (NT) as the main plots and three levels of cow manure (0, 20 and 40 ton/ha) as subplots, with three replications. Experimental design was Complete Block Design (RCB) as split plot arrangement. Soil samples were collected three times during the experiment. Corn cultivar SC704 was planted as a fodder crop. Soil bulk density (BD) was measured where earthworms, springtails, mites, and nematodes populations were counted as indicators of soil macro, meso, and micro-fauna, respectively. Results showed that in short term, the effect of different tillage systems on BD was not significant and had no pronounced effects on nematodes, mites, and springtails in a loamy-sandy loam soil. However, tillage system had significant effect on earthworm population. Cow manure had positive effects on soil nematode population and corn biomass.. As a general conclusion, using MT treatment and application of 40 ton/ha cow manure were found useful management practices from agronomic and biological viewpoints.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Earthworm
  • Mite and springtails
  • Nematode
  • Soil organisms
  • Tillage systems
  • Cow manure
  • Corn

مراجع

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 25، شماره 2
شهریور 1390
صفحه 149-158

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