بررسی اثر بیوچار ضایعات ساقه زرشک بر آبشویی نیترات از یک خاک لومی حاوی ماده آلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند

2 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند

3 دانش آموخته کارشناسی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

با توجه به آلودگی منابع آبی به آلاینده‌های مختلف مانند نیترات، استفاده از مواد اصلاح‌کننده‌ نظیر بیوچار می‌تواند به عنوان راهکاری برای حل این مشکل محیط زیستی مورد توجه قرار گیرد. به منظور بررسی اثر بیوچار ضایعات ساقه زرشک بر آبشویی نیترات، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1399 در آزمایشگاه خاک‌شناسی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند انجام شد. عامل‌های آزمایش شامل اندازه ذرات بیوچار در دو سطح (کمتر از 1 میلی‌متر و بزرگتر از 8/2 میلی‌متر (اندازه ذرات طبیعی)) و مقدار بیوچار در سه سطح (به مقدار 1%، 2% و 3% وزن خاک) بود. تیمار شاهد بدون بیوچار نیز برای مقایسه تیمارها با شاهد وجود داشت. بیوچار طی فرآیند تجزیه حرارتی (دمای 400 درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 6 ساعت) و در شرایط اکسیژن محدود تولید شد. گلدان‌ها تحت چرخه‌های مرطوب (ظرفیت مزرعه‌ای بعلاوه 20%) و خشک شدن (رطوبت پژمردگی دائم) قرارگرفته و غلظت نیترات در آب زهکش شده حاصل از آبیاری، در دو مرحله با فاصله شش هفته اندازه‌گیری شد. بیشترین و کمترین میزان آبشویی نیترات در نمونه‌گیری‌های انجام‌شده به ترتیب مربوط به تیمار شاهد بدون بیوچار و تیمار بیوچار با اندازه ذرات کمتر از 1 میلی‌متر به مقدار 1% وزنی بود. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که افزودن بیوچار به خاک در مقایسه با شاهد (بدون بیوچار) سبب کاهش آبشویی نیترات شد. تیمارهای بیوچار با اندازه ذرات کمتر از 1 میلی‌متر به مقدار 1%، 2% و 3% وزنی و بیوچار با اندازه ذرات طبیعی به مقدار 1%، 2% و 3% وزنی در مقایسه با شاهد در نمونه‌برداری دوم به ترتیب 6/83%، 4/82%، 8/76%، 7/81%، 2/64% و 2/60% درصد کاهش آبشویی را نشان دادند. افزون بر این، نتایج نشان داد که اثر بیوچار بر کاهش آبشویی نیترات در مورد ذرات با اندازه کمتر از 1 میلی‌متر بیشتر از ذرات بزرگتر از 8/2 میلی‌متر بود. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش به نظر می‌رسد که کاربرد بیوچار ضایعات شاخه ناشی از برداشت زرشک می‌تواند سبب کاهش آبشویی نیترات و خطر انتقال آلودگی به سایر نقاط خاک شود.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the Effects of Barberry Stems Biochar on Nitrate Leaching from a Loam Soil Containing Organic Matter

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Hammami 1
  • Ali Shahidi 2
  • Hannan Hanafi 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
3 Bachelor of Science, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
چکیده [English]

Due to the pollution of water resources by various pollutants such as nitrate, the use of amendments such as biochar can be considered as an approach to solve this environmental problem. To investigate the effect of barberry stem biochar on nitrate leaching, a research was conducted using a factorial and completely randomized design in 2021, in the soil laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran. Experimental factors were particle size of biochar at two levels (less than 1 mm, more than 2.8 mm) and biochar volume in three rates (1, 2, and 3 mm on weight basis). Biochar was produced during the thermal decomposition process under limited oxygen conditions (400 0C for 6 h). The pots were subjected to wet cycles (field capacity plus 20%) and drying (permanent wilting moisture) and the nitrate concentration in the drained water from irrigation was measured in two stages with an interval of six weeks. The highest and lowest nitrate leaching rates in the samples were observed in the control treatment without biochar and biochar with particle size less than 1 mm at the rate of 1% by weight, respectively. The results of this study showed that addition of the biochar to the soil significantly reduced nitrate leaching compared to the control without biochar. At the two measuring times, biochar treatments with particle size of less than 1 mm and 1%, 2% and 3%, biochar with natural particle sizes of 1%, 2%, and 3% showed decrease in nitrate leaching by, respectively, 83.6%, 82.4%, 76.8%, 81.7%, 64.2%, and 60.2 % compared to the treatment without biochar. Moreover, the results showed that biochar particles less than 1 mm had more effects on reducing nitrate leaching than biochar particles more than 2.8 mm. According to the results of this study, it seems that application of barberry branch waste biochar left after harvesting can reduce nitrate leaching and the risk of transmitting contamination to other soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pollutant
  • Contaminated drainage water
  • Soil amendments

مراجع

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 37، شماره 1
خرداد 1402
صفحه 67-80

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