Effect of Nitrogen Application Management on Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rainfed Wheat Using 15N Isotope

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Soil and Water Research Department of Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran

2 Professor of Soil Science Department of Agricultural Faculty of Zanjan University

3 Researcher in Atomic Agricultural Research Institute (Atomic Energy Organization of Iran)

4 Assistant Professor of Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI)

5 Associate Professor of Plant Breeding Department of Agricultural Faculty, University of Kurdistan

Abstract

In order to study the effects of nitrogen application management on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in rainfed wheat, a field experiment was conducted as split plot experiment, based on randomized complete block design, included five rates of nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kgN ha-1) using urea (labeled with 8% and 6% atom excess 15N) as the main plot in Kurdistan province during 2012-13. The sub-plots were consisted of three application times such as T1: Total nitrogen in the fall, T2: 2/3 nitrogen in the fall + 1/3 nitrogen in the spring, and T3:1/2  nitrogen in the fall + 1/2  nitrogen in the spring (at tillering stage). The isotopic (15N) technique was applied to estimate fertilizer N recovery efficiency based on recovery of labeled urea-15N in the aboveground portion of wheat (grain and straw). Results showed that the effects of nitrogen timing on grain yield and total N uptake were significant at 5% level. The effect of nitrogen rates were significant on grain yield, total N uptake,fertilizer N uptake, fraction of N in the plant derived from the 15N-labeled fertilizer (Ndff%), and NUE of 15N (p<0.05), and grain protein content (p<0.05). Compared with the check, nitrogen timing increased grain yield and grain protein content by 35% and 33%, respectively. By increasing nitrogen from 30 to 120 kg.ha-1,fraction of Ndff % was increased from 11% to 39%, corresponding to NUE range from 21% to 28%. The maximum NUE (33%) was obtained in 90 kg N.ha-1. About 70% of nitrogen uptake in the aboveground portion of wheat was belonged to grain wheat. Optimum grain yield with maximum NUE in different nitrogen application timings of T1, T2 and T3 were estimated at 69, 60, and 51 kg N.ha-1, respectively.

Keywords

References

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Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Volume 31, Issue 1
June 2017
Pages 1-17

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