Dry Matter Accumulation Pattern and Growth Rate of Onion as Affected by Foliar Application of Various Zn Fertilizer Sources

Authors

1 Ph.D. student, Department of Soil Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

2 Professors, Department of Soil Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

3 Assistant Professors, Seed and Plant Improvement Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center , AREEO, Ahwaz, Iran

Abstract

The pattern of dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate are important characteristics affecting optimal crop production. Plant nutrition has a significant impact on plant growth pattern. In this research, the effect of foliar application of Zn in the form of ZnSO4 and synthetic complexes of methionine-Zn (Zn-Met) and lysine-Zn (Zn-Lys) on pattern of dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, and other growth indicators of onion (Allium cepa L. cv. Primavera) was evaluated. Foliar Zn application at a concentration of 0.5 % was performed at two stages: once at the early rapid vegetative growth stage (at stage of leaf blade growth), and the other at the early bulbing. The results indicated that, at all fertilizer treatments, the slow growth period lasted 128 days after seed germination followed by the rapid growth period. The maximum leaf area index (LAI) (3.44), bulb growth rate (31.30 g m-2 day-1), crop growth rate (40.70 g m-2 day-1), relative growth rate (0.0966 g g-1 day-1) and total biomass was obtained at the Zn-Lys treatment. For this reason, the highest total biomass (14.87 kg m-2) belonged to this treatment. Foliar application of Zn treatments was ineffective on the bulbing time. Among different treatments, the pattern of dry matter accumulation showed that Zn-Lys complex resulted in significant increase of plant dry mass (33% over the control treatment), and this trend continued until the end of the growing season. According to the results, foliar spray of Zn-Lys complex affected the growth pattern of onion and thereby resulted in significant improvement of dry matter accumulation, LAI, bulb growth rate, and crop growth rate. The highest total biomass was also produced in the Zn-Lys treatment. Also, Zn-Met complex significantly increased total biomass and blub quality but zinc sulfate only significantly increased zinc concentration in onion bulb. According to the results of this research, foliar spray of Zn-Lys complex is recommended for improving onion yield and quality in zinc deficient calcareous soils.

Keywords

References

1-     ارشدی، م. ج.، ح. ر. خزاعی، و م. کافی. 1392. بررسی تأثیر کود سرک نیتروژن با استفاده از کلروفیل­متر بر عملکرد، اجزاء عملکرد و شاخص­های رشد سیب زمینی. دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، نشریه پژوهش­های زراعی ایران، 11(4): 582-573.
2-     بای­بوردی، ا. و م. ج. ملکوتی. 1378. ضرورت مصرف بهینه کود برای افزایش کمی و کیفی و کاهش غلظت نیترات در غده های پیاز. نشر آموزش کشاورزی. کرج. 16 صفحه.
3-     بنی­نعمه، ج.، م. جمشیدی، و م. جوادزاده. 1392. مطالعات خاکشناسی تفصیلی ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بهبهان. گزارش نهایی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان. نشریه شماره 1859. 43 صفحه.
4-     بی­نام. 1395. آمارنامه کشاورزی. جلد اول: محصولات زراعی، سال زراعی 95-1394. وزارت جهاد کشاورزی. معاونت برنامه­ریزی و اقتصادی. دفتر آمار و فناوری اطلاعات. صفحات 6 و 100.
5-     دارابی، ع.  1394. فیزیولوژی و تولید پیاز. نشر آموزش کشاورزی، کرج. 276 صفحه.
6-     دارابی، ع. 1388. بررسی فیزیولوژی تشکیل سوخ در توده­های بومی مهم پیاز ایران در شرایط اقلیمی بهبهان و کرج. رساله دکتری علوم باغبانی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. 162 صفحه.
7-     دارابی، ع. کاشی، ع. بابالار، م. و م. خدادادی. 1387. تغییرات کربوهیدرات­های غیر ساختمانی ساده به هنگام تشکیل سوخ و آنالیز رشد چهار رقم پیاز در بهبهان. مجله پژوهش کشاورزی. 8(1): 50-37.
8-     رستگار، ج.، م. خدادادی، و ا. موسی پور گرجی. 1385. بررسی الگوی رشد ارقام بومی پیاز ایران بر اساس شاخص­های فیزیولوژیک. مرکز تحقیقات خراسان (مشهد)، 37 صفحه.
9-     کریمی، م.، 1372. آنالیز رشد بر اساس واحد­های گرمایی. مقالات کلیدی اولین کنگره زراعت و اصلاح نباتات. دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران. 242-235.
10-  کوچکی، ع. و غ. سرمدنیا. 1377.  فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی (ترجمه)، چاپ هفتم، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد. 400 صفحه.
11-  کوچکی، ع.، م. ح. راشد محصل، م.  بصیری و ر. صدر آبادی. 1374. مبانی فیزیولوژیکی رشد ونمو. (ترجمه) چاپ سوم، دانشگاه امام رضا (ع)،  مشهد. 404 صفحه.
12-  مسیحا، س،، ع. مطلبی آذر، ف. شکاری، و ح. کاظم نیا. 1379. گزارش نهایی طرح تحقیقاتی مقایسه عملکرد و آنالیز رشد ارقام پیاز به روش سنتی و نشایی با ماشین نشاکار. دانشگاه تبریز، 44 صفحه.
13. Alcazar, R., T. Altabella, F. Marco, C. Bortolotti, M. Reymond, C. Koncz, P. Carrasco, and A.F. Tiburcio. 2010. Polyamines: molecules with regulatory functions in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Planta 231:1237–1249.
14. Alloway, B.J. 2008. Zinc in soils and crop nutrition (2th ed.).IZA and IFA Brussels, Belgium and Paris, France.
15. Bouyoucos, C.J. 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soil. Agron. J.54:464–465.
16. Bremner, J.M., and C.S. Mulvancy. 1982. Nitrogen-Total. In: page, A. L., et al. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 595–624.
17.Brewster, J.L. 1990. Physiology of crop growth and bulbing In: J.L. Brewster and H.D. Rabinowitch (Eds). Onions and Allid Crops. Volume l. Botany. Physiology and Genetic. CRC, Press. Boca Raton. Pp. 53-58.
18. Brewster, J.L., and R.A. Suterland. 1993. The rapid determination in controlled environments of parameters for predicting seedling growth rate in natural conditions. Ann. Appl. Biol. 122:123-133.
19. Corzo-Martinez, M., N. Corzo, and M. Villamiel. 2007. Biological properties of onionsand garlic. Trends Food Sci Tech. 18:609–625.
20. Currah, L. 2002. Onion in the tropics: cultivars and country reports. PP. 379-407. in: Rabinowich, H.D. and L.Currah(eds). Allium Crop Science: Recent Advanceds. CABI pulishing. U.K.
21. El-Bassiouny, H.M.S., H.A. Mostafa, S.A. El-Khawas, R.A. HassaneinKhalil, and A.A. Abd El-Monem. 2008. Physiological responses of wheat plant to foliar treatments with arginine or putrescine. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2:1390-1403.
22. Galili, G. 2002. New insights into the regulation and functional significance of lysine metabolism in plants. Plant Biology. 53:27–43.
23. Gamelli, H.H. 2000. The effect of some foliar fertilizers application on growth, bulbplant biomass, quality and storage ability of Giza 20 onion cultivar (Allium cepa L.). Ann. Agric. Sci. Moshtohor, 38:1727–1737.
24. Ghasemi, S., A.H. Khoshgoftarmanesh, M. Afyuni and H. Hadadzadeh. 2013. The effectiveness of foliar applications of synthesized zinc-amino acid chelates in comparison with zinc sulfate to increase yield and grain nutritional quality of wheat. Eur. Agr. J. 45:68-74.
25. Ghasemi, S., A.H. Khoshgoftarmanesh, H. Hadadzade and M. Jafari. 2012. Synthesis of iron-amino acids chelates and evaluation of their efficacy as iron source and growth stimulator for tomato in nutrient solution culture. Plant. Grow. Reg. J. 31:498-508.
26. Gonzalez, D., A. Obrador and J.M. Alvarez. 2007. Behavior of zinc from six organic fertilizers applied to a navy bean crop grown in a calcareous soil. Agri Food. Chemi. J. 55:7084-7092.
27. Griffiths, G., L. Trueman, T. Crowther, B. Thomas and B. Smith, B. 2002. Onions-a globalbenefit to health. Phytother. Res. 16:603–615.
28. Hafeez, B., Y.M. Khanif and M. Saleem. 2013. Role of Zinc in Plant Nutrition- A Review. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 3(2):374-391.
29. Haluschak, P. 2006. Laboratory methods of soil analysis. Canada-Manitoba soil survey, 3-133.
30. Iortsuun, D.N., and A.A. Khan. 1989. The pattern of dry matter distribution during development in onion. Agron. Crop Sci. J. 162:127-134.
31. Kahane, R., E. Vaillle-Guerin, I. Boukema, D. Tzanoudakis, C. Bellamy, C. Chamaux, and C. Kik. 2001. Changes in non- structural carbohydrate composition during bulbing in sweet and high-solid onions in field experiments. Env. Exp. Bot. 45:72-83.
32. Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H., R. Schulin, R.L. Chaney, B. Daneshbakhsh, and M. Afyuni. 2010. Micronutrient-efficient genotypes for crop yield and nutritional quality in sustainable agriculture. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 30:83–107.
33. Kutman, U.B., B. Yildis, L. Ozturk and I. Cakmak. 2010. Biofortification of durum wheat with zinc through soil and foliar applications of nitrogen. Cereal Chemistry. 87:1-9.
34. Lancaster, J.E., C.M. Trigs, J.M. De Ruiter and P.W. Gander. 1996. Bulbing in onions: photoperiod and temperature requirements and prediction of bulb size and maturity. Ann. Bot. 78:423-430.
35. Lindsay, W.L., and W.A. Norvell. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42:421–428.
36. Manna, D., T.K. Matty and A. Ghosal. 2014.Influence of foliar application of boron and zinc on growth, yield and bulb quality of onion (Allium cepa L.). Journal of Crop and Weed. 10(1):53-55.
37. Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press, London,U.K.
38. Meychik, N.R., and I.P. Yermakov. 1999. A new approach to the investigation on the tonogenic groups of root cell walls. Plant Soil . 217:257- 264.
39. Mishra, H.P., K.P. Singh, and J.P. Yadav. 1990. Influence of Zn, Fe, B and Mn and their uptake on onion grown in calcareous soil. Haryana J. Hort. Sci.19:153-59. 
40. Mohamed, E., E.A. Awadi, and S.A. Abd, El Wahed. 2012. Improvement the Growth and Quality of Green Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Plants by Some Bioregulators in the New Reclaimed Area at Nobaria Region, Egypt. New York Sci. J. 5(9):114-120.
41. Mohammadi, P., and A.H. Khoshgoftarmanesh. 2014. The effectiveness of syntheticzinc(Zn)-amino chelates in supplying Zn and alleviating salt-induced damageson hydroponically grown lettuce. Sci. Hortic.-Amsterdam. 172:117–123.
42. Mortvedt, J. 2014. Efficient Fertilizer Use-Micronutrients. [Online]. Available at http:// cyber. collegeshawinigan. qc.ca/cpedneault/controlequalite/EFU%20manual analyse % 20 des % 20 sols /micronutrients.pdf. [verified 10 Oct. 2014].
43. Moustakas, N.K., A.I. Akoumianki, P.E. Barouchas. 2011. The effects of cadmium and zinc interactions on the concentration of cadmium and zinc in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Aust. Crop Sci. J. 5:277- 282.
44. Nasreen, S., S.M. ImamulHaq and M. AltabHossain. 2003. Sulphur effects on growth responses and yield of onion. Asi. Plant Sci. J. 897-902.
45. Nasholm, T., K. Kielland, and U. Ganeteg. 2009. Uptake of organic nitrogen by plants. New Phytol. 182:31–48.
46. Olsen, S.R. and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Phosphorus. In: Page, A.L., et al. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. , 2nd edn. ASA and ASSA, Madison WI, pp. 403–430, Agron Monogr 9.
47. Pire, R., H. Ramírez, J. Riera and N. Gómez T. de. 2001. Removal of N, P, K and Ca by an onion crop (Allium cepa L.) in a silty-clay soil, in a semiarid region of Venezuela. Acta Horticulture. 555:103-109.
48. Rao, N.K.S. 1988. Physiological analysis of growth and yield in onion (Allium cepa L.) Indian J. Agr. Sci. 58(6):489-491.
49. Rosen, H. 1957. A modified ninhydrin colorimetric analysis for amino acids. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics67:10- 15.
50. Sidlauskas, G. and S. Bernotas. 2003. Some factors affecting seed yield of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Agron. Res. 1(2):229-243.
51. Singh, J., and B.S. Dankhar. 1991. Effect of nitrogen, potash and zinc on storage loss of onion bulb. Vegetable science. 18:16-23.
52. Singh, D.P., and R.S. Tiwari. 1995. Effect of micronutrients on growth and yield of onion variety pusa Red. Recent Horticulture. 2(2):70-77.
53. Suh, J.K., and Y.W. Ryu. 2002. Short period test of growth, bulbing, leaf- fall down and regrowth of onion (Allium cepa L.)  under different daylength controlled by supplemental lighting. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. J .43 (5):591-595.
54. Tei, F., A. Scaife and D.P. Aikman. 1996. Growth of lettuce, onion and red beet. Growth analysis, light interception and radiation use efficiency. Ann. Bot. 78:633-644.
55. Tekalign, T., and P.S. Hammes. 2005. Growth and productivity of potato as influenced by cultivar and reproductive growth. II. Growth analysis, tuber yield and quality. Sci. Hort.105:29-44.
56. Walkley, A., and I.A. Black. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. J. 37: 29-38.
Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Volume 31, Issue 4
March 2018
Pages 559-572

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics