تأثیر غلظت پس‌زمینه نانوذرات دی‌اکسید‌تیتانیم بر انتقال آن‌ها در خاک‌های غیراشباع

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استاد گروه خاک، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

برای مدیریت هر دو جنبه مثبت و منفی کاربرد موادنانو هنگام ورود بهسامانه­های طبیعی، اطلاع از نحوه توزیع و سرنوشت این مواد در این سامانه­ها ضرورت دارد، در این باره، غلظت پس­زمینه نانوذرات یکی از عوامل مؤثر بر فرایند انتقال است. در این تحقیق،به منظور بررسی اثر غلظت پس­زمینه بر انتقال نانوذرات دی اکسید تیتانیم، ابتدا انتقال نانوذرات دی اکسید تیتانیم در قالب آزمایش­های ستونی خاک دست­نخورده در دبی­های مختلف جریان بررسی شد. دبی به ترتیب برابر با هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع (جریان اشباع)، 9/0، 7/0 و 5/0 برابر هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع خاک (جریان غیراشباع) توسط پمپ پریستالتیک (BT100-1F) به ستون­های خاک اضافه شد. سپس به منظور بررسی اثر آزمایش اول (غلظت پس­زمینه بعد از آزمایش اول) روی آزمایش­های بعدی، در یک ستون پس از آزمایش جریان اشباع و اندازه­گیری محلول خروجی و تعیین غلظت نانوذرات TiO2 در آن به عنوان تابعی از زمان، جریان با دبی­های در واحد سطح به ترتیب 540، 420 و 300 میکرولیتر بر دقیقه که به ترتیب معادل 9/0، 7/0 و 5/0 برابر هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع هستند، برقرار شد.[H1]  پارامترهای تبیین کننده انتقال نانوذرات با استفاده از داده­های اندازه­گیری شده منحنی­های رخنه بر مبنای مدل جذب تک مکانی و مدل جذب سینتیک تک مکانی برآورد شدند. در دبی 540 میکرولیتر بر دقیقه (Ks 9/0) میزان نانوذرات TiO2 خروجی از ستون نسبت به شرایط عدم وجود غلظت پس­زمینه کم­تر بود( 9% نسبت به 2/17%). دلیل این نتیجه افزایش غلظت نانوذرات و بنابراین احتمال برخورد بیش­تر و تشکیل انبوهه­های بزرگ­تر بود که سبب به دام افتادن آن­ها در منافذ خاک می شود. با کاهش دبی جریان از 540 به 420  (Ks 7/0) و سپس 300 میکرولیتر بر دقیقه (Ks 5/0)، نسبت به شرایطی که غلظت پس­زمینه در ستون خاک وجود نداشت به دلیل افـزایش نانوذرات در ستون خاک و کمبود مکان جذب برای آن­ها، نانوذرات بیشتری وارد زهاب خروجی از ستون شد(به­ترتیب 4% و 6% نسبت به 5/3% و 9/2%). بنابراین، با توجه به تأثیری که غلظت پس­زمینه نانوذرات بر انتقال آن­ها در خاک دارد باید در پروژه­های پاک‌سازی خاک و آب‌های آلوده که از نانوذره TiO2 استفاده می شود، ابتدا غلظت زمینه این نانوذره در محیط تعیین و تأثیر آن نیز بر فرایند انتقال بسته به شدت جریان ورودی لحاظ شود. در مدل سینتیک جذب تک مکانی با لحاظ شدن ضریب واجذب نانوذرات TiO2،نتایج تخمین میزان انتقال نانوذرات از ستون خاک با 89/0<R2 همچنین ME و RMSE بسیار کم­تر از مدل جذب تک مکانی در تمام نرخ­های جریان، بهبود قابل توجهی یافت.



 [H1]لازم است در چند جمله کوتاهتر این مطلب به طور مفهوم نوشته شود

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Background Concentration of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Their Transport in Unsaturated Soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Omidi 1
  • B. Ghahraman 2
  • A. Fotovat 3
  • K. Davary 2
1 PhD student, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Professor, Water Engineering Group, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 Professor, Soil Sciences Group, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]

To manage the positive and negative aspects of application of nanomaterials to natural systems, it is necessary to know the distribution and fate of these materials in such systems. In this regard, the nanoparticle background concentration is one of the factors affecting the transfer process. In this study, in order to investigate the effect of background concentration on the transport of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, transport of TiO2 nanoparticles was first investigated in undisturbed soil columns under different flow rates. The flow rates were equal to the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), 0.9 Ks, 0.7 Ks,and 0.5 Ks (unsaturated flow) applied by peristaltic pump (BT100-1F) to the different soil columns. Then, in order to investigate the effect of the first experiment (background concentration after the first experiment) on subsequent experiments, in a column after the saturation flow test and measuring the outflow and determining the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles as a function of time, flow rates at unit volume of 540, 420, and 300 μL/min, respectively, are 0.9, 0.7 and 0.5 times the saturated hydraulic conductivity, respectively. [H1] Parameters explaining the transport of nanoparticles using measured data of breakthrough curves based on one-site sorption model and one kinetic site sorption model were estimated. At 540 μL/min, the amount of TiO2 nanoparticles in outflow from the column was lower relative to the absence of the background concentration due to the increase in the concentration of nanoparticles and, therefore, the possibility of more collisions and formation of larger aggregates that caused trapping (straining) them in the pores of the soil. By decreasing the flow rate from 540 to 420 and then 300 μL/min, there was no background concentration in the soil column due to the increase of the nanoparticles in the soil column and the lack of sorption site for more nanoparticles were introduced into the outlet from the column[H2] . Therefore, due to the effect of TiO2 NPs background concentration on the transfer of these particles in the soil, it is necessary to determine their background concentration in the contaminated soil and water where TiO2 NPs are used for remediation of contamination. Also, effect of background concentration on the transfer process depending on the influent flow rate should be considered. In the one kinetic sorption site model, taking into account the detachment coefficient of TiO2 nanoparticles, the results of estimation the nanoparticles transport through soil column were significantly improved (R2>0.89, ME, and RMSE were also much lower than the one site sorption model at all flow rates).



 [H1]دوباره نویسی شود. مفهوم نیست.




 [H2]نا مفهوم.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attachment
  • Breakthrough curves
  • Detachment
  • Unsaturated

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 33، شماره 2
شهریور 1398
صفحه 269-284

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