Effect of Nitrogen, Sulfur, Zinc, and Boron Application on Yield and Yield Components and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rapeseed

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Scientific Staff, Safiabad Agricultural Research center, Dezful

Abstract

Rapeseed is among the crop plants that need a great amount of nitrogen during their growth period. An increase in the efficiency of N not only decreases environmental pollution but it is also economical. This study was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) on the yield and yield components of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. Cv. PF) and N efficiency indices during 2010-2012 at Safi-Abad Agricultural Research Center of Dezful. The experiment was conducted as factorial arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The treatments consisted of three N levels (0, N amount on the basis of farm production potential, and N 30% less than initial amount), and eight S, Zn, and B levels (without S, Zn and B application, S application, Zn application, B application, S+Zn application, S+B application, Zn+B application and S+Zn+B application). The result showed that the main effect of N on grain and oil yields, yield components, and N efficiency indices and residual nitrate were significant. The highest grain yield (3.1 t ha-1) was obtained from application of N 30% less than initial amount (136 kg N ha-1). The main effect of S, Zn, and B on the studied traits, except seed number per pod and N utilization efficiency, were significant, and the highest yield (2.7 t ha-1) resulted from application of S+Zn+B. Increased N application and also application of S+Zn+B led to decrease and increase in N efficiency indices, respectively. Regarding the obtained results, application of N (30% less than initial amount) and S+Zn+B can be recommended for rapeseed in this region. 

Keywords

References

  1. احمدی، م. ر. و ف. جاوید فر. 1377 . تغذیه گیاهان روغنی کلزا (ترجمه). انتشارات شرکت سهامی خاص توسعه کشت دانه ای روغنی،تهران،ایران.196 ص.
  2. احیایی، م. و ع. ا. بهبهانی زاده. 1372. شرح روش­های تجزیه شیمیایی خاک. نشریه فنی شماره 893. موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب. نشر آموزش کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. 150 ص.
  3. جلیلی، ف. ، م. ج.  ملکوتی و ر. کسرایی. 1379 . نقش تغذیه متعادل در بهبود کیفیت کلزا در کشت­های پاییزه و بهاره. مجله علمی- پژوهشی علوم خاک و آب. ویژه نامه کلزا. جلد 12، شماره 2 . ص 55-47 .
  4. حسینی، ز. 1369. روش های متداول در تجزیه مواد غذایی. انتشارات دانشگاه شیراز، ایران. 210ص.
  5. خادمی، ز. ، ح. رضایی ، م. ج. ملکوتی و پ. مهاجر میلانی. 1379 . تغذیه بهینه کلزا. وزارت کشاورزی، معاونت آموزش و تجهیز نیروی انسانی، نشر آموزش کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.31 ص.
  6. عزیزی، م. ، ا. سلطانی و س. خاوری خراسانی. 1378 . کلزا (فیزیولوژی، زراعت، به زراعی، تکنولوژی زیستی) (ترجمه). انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد. مشهد، ایران. 230 ص.
  7. Ahmadi, M. 2010. Effect of zinc and nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). American Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science. 7(3): 259- 264.
  8. Ahmadi, M., and M. J. Bahrani. 2009. Effects of water stress and nitrogen fertilizer rates applied at different growth stage to rapeseed yield and yield components. American Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science. 5(6): 755- 761.
  9. Bybordi, A., and M. J. Malakouti. 2007. Effects of zinc fertilizer on the yield quality of two winter varieties of canola. Zinc crops: Improving crop production and human health. 24- 26 May, Istanbul, Turkey.p.1-2.
  10. Chandel, R. S., P. C. Sudlhakar and  K. Singh. 2002. Direct and residual effect of sulphur on Indian mustard (Brassica napus L.) in rice (Oryza sativa)- Indian mustard cropping system. Indian Journal of Agricutural Science. 72: 230- 232.
  11. Chongo, G., and P. B. E. McVetty. 2001. Relationship of physiological characters to yield parameters in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 81: 1- 6.
  12. El- Habbasha, S. F., and M. S. Abd El-Salam. 2010. Response of canola varieties (Brassica napus L.) to nitrogen levels and zinc foliar application. International Journal of Academic Research. 2(3): 60- 66.
  13. Gakale, L. P., and M. D. Clegg. 1987. Nitrogen from soybean for dry land sorghum. Agronomy Journal. 79: 1057-1061 .
  14. Grewal, H. S., and R. D. Graham. 1999. Residual effects of subsoil zinc and oilseed rape genotype on the grain yield and distribution of zinc in wheat. Plant and Soil. 201:29-36.
  15. Grewal, H. S., J. Stangoulis, T. Potter and R. D. Graham. 1997. Zinc deficiency of oilseed rape genotype. Plant and Soil. 191: 123-132.
  16. Guang- Yuan, L., Z. Fang, Z., and Pu- Ying. 2012. Relationship among yield components and selection criteria for yield improvement on early rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Agricultural Science in China. 10(2): 997- 1003.
  17. Guillard, K., and D. W. Allinson. 1988. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on a Chinese cabbage hybrid. Agronomy Journal. 80: 21- 26.
  18. Harsharn, S. G., R. D. Graham and J. Stangoulis. 1998. Zinc-boron interaction effect in oilseed rape. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 21(10): 2231- 2234.
  19. Haneklaus, S., H. M. Paulsen, A. K. Gupta, E. Blem and E. Schnug. 1999. Influence of sulfur fertilization on yield and quality of oilseed rape and mustard. Proceeding of the 10 th International Rapeseed Congress, Canbera, Australia.p.1-3.
  20. Hocking, P. J., P. J. Randall and D. Demarco. 1997. The response of dry land canola to nitrogen fertilizer: Partitioning and mobilization of dry matter and nitrogen and nitrogen effects on yield components. Field Crops Research. 54: 201- 220.
  21. Hu, D., R. W. Beu and Z. Xre. 1996. Zinc and phosphorus responses in transplanted oilseed rape. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 42:333-344.
  22. Huggins, D. R., and W. I. Pan. 1993. Nitrogen efficiency component analysis: An evaluation of cropping system differences in productivity. Agronomy Journal. 85: 898-905.
  23. Ivanovska, S., C. Stojkoski, Z. Dimov, A. Marijanovic- Jeromela, M. Jankulovska and Lj. Jankuloski. 2007. Interrelationship between yield and yield related traits of spring canola (Brassica napus L.) genotypes. Genetika. 36(3): 325- 332.
  24. Jackson, G. D. 2000. Effects of nitrogen and sulphur on canola yield and nutrient uptake. Agronomy Journal. 92: 644-649.
  25. Keating, B. A., I. Vallis, J. Parton, V. R. Catchpole, R. C. Muchow and M. J.  Robertson. 1994. Modeling and its application to nitrogen management and research for sugarcane. Proceeding of Australia Society Sugarcane. 131.
  26. Ma, B. L., L. M. Dwyer and E. G. Gregorich. 1999. Soil nitrogen amendment affects on nitrogen uptake and grain yield of maize. Agronomy Journal. 91:650-656.
  27. Malhi, S. S., and K. S. Gill. 2002. Effectiveness of sulphate- S fertilization at different growth stages for yield, seed quality and S uptake of canola. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 82: 665- 674.
  28. Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Second Edition. Academic Press. New York, USA.
  29. Materon, L. A., and J. Ryan. 1995. Rhizobial inoculation and phosphorus and zinc nutrition for annual medics adapted to Mediterranean environments. Agronomy Journal. 87:692-698.
  30. Mengel, K., and E. A. Kirby. 1978. Principles of plant nutrition, chapter 8. International Potash Institute. Bern, Switzerland.
  31. Muchow, R. C., and T. R. Sinclair. 1994. Nitrogen response of leaf photosynthesis and canopy radiation use efficiency in field- grown maize and sorghum. Crop Science. 34:721-727.
  32. Nuttal, W. F., A. P. Moulin and L. J. Townley- Smith. 1992. Yield response of canola to nitrogen, phosphorus, precipitation, and temperature. Agronomy Journal. 84: 765-768.
  33. Nuttal, W. F., H. Ukrainetz, J. W. B. Stewart and D. T. Spurr. 1987. The effect of nitrogen, sulphur and boron on yield and quality of rape seed. Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 67: 545-559.
  34. Ozar, H. 2003. Sowing date and nitrogen rate effects on growth, yield and yield components of two summer rapeseed cultivars. European Journal of Agronomy. 19: 453- 463.
  35. Porter, P. M. 1993. Canola response to boron and nitrogen grown on the southeastern coastal plain. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 16(12): 2371-2381.
  36. Rashid, A., E. Rafique and N. Bughio. 1994. Diagnosing boron deficiency in rapeseed and mustard by plant analysis and soil testing. Communication of Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 25(17 and 18): 2883-2897.
  37. Riley, N. G., F. J. Zhao and S. P. McGrath. 2000. Availability of different form of sulphur fertilizers to wheat and oilseed rape. Plant and Soil. 222: 139-147.
  38. Sharma, D. N., V. K. Khadar, R. A. Sharma and D. Singh. 1991. Effect of different doses and sources of sulphur on the quality and yield of mustard. Journal of Indian Society Soil Science. 39: 197-200.
  39. Sisson, V. A., T. W. Rufy and R. E. Williams. 1991. Nitrogen use efficiency among flue- curd tobacco genotypes. Crop Science. 31: 1615- 1620.
  40. Staley, T. E., W. L. Stout and G.A. Jung. 1991. Nitrogen use by tall fescue and switch grass on acidic soils of varying water holding capacity. Agronomy Journal.83:732-738.
  41. Surender, K., R. S. Sangwan and I. S. Yadav. 1999. Correlation studies in Brassica species under dry land conditions. Cruciferae Newsletter. 21: 151- 152.
  42. Tillman, B. A., W. L. Pan and S. E. Ullrich. 1991. Nitrogen use by northern- adapted barley genotypes under no- till. Agronomy Journal. 93: 194- 201.
  43. Uddin, M. K., M. R. Islam, M. M. Rahman and M. K. Alam. 2002. Effects of sulphur, zinc and boron form chemical fertilizers and poultry manure to wetland rice ( Cv. BRRI Dhan 30). Online Journal of Biological Science. 2(3): 165- 167.
  44. Westerman, R. L., R. K. Bowman, W. R. raun and G. V. Johnson. 1994. Ammonium and nitrogen in soil profiles of long- term winter wheat fertilization experiments. Agronomy Journal. 89: 94-99.
  45. Wienhold, B. J., T. P. Trooien and G. Reichman. 1995.Yield and nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated corn in The Northern Great Plain. Agronomy Journal. 87:842-846.
  46. Wuest, S. B., and K. G. Cassman. 1992. Fertilizer- nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated wheat: II. Partitioning efficiency of preplant versus late-season application. Agronomy Journal. 84: 689- 694.
  47. Yang, M., L. Shl, S. Fang, J. W. Lu and Y. H. Wang. 2009. Effects of B, Mo, Zn and their interactions on seed yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Pedosphere. 19(1): 53- 59.
Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Volume 28, Issue 2
October 2014
Pages 255-264

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics