Effect of Mycorrhiza Inoculation and Biochar Application on Phosphorus Availability, Growth, and Yield of Sorghum and Some Soil Chemical Properties

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

In order to investigate the role of mycorrhiza inoculation and Biochar application on the phosphorus availability, growth, and yield of sorghum and some chemical properties of soil, a pot experiment were conducted as a factorial experiment in completely randomized design, with three replications. In this research, application effects of biochar (0 and 1.5 % by weight), mycorrhiza (inoculation and non-inoculation of mycorrhiza fungi) and phosphorous (four levels of triple superphosphate: 0, 55, 110, and 165 mg .kg-1 soil) on sorghum were studied. The results showed that phosphorus and biochar application significantly (P<0.01) increased foliage and roots weights, roots volume, and also nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium uptake. Furthermore, the application of phosphorus in combination with biochar and inoculation of plant roots with mycorrhiza increased the above-mentioned traits to a higher level. Application of phosphorus or biochar alone increased soil salinity, but their combined application together with the plant root inoculation using mycorrhiza decreased it. Application of phosphorus decreased soil organic carbon, whereas biochar and mycorrhiza significantly increased it. The maximum dry foliage (24.4 g.pot-1) and the maximum phosphorous uptake (79.9 mg.pot-1) were obtained from combined application of mycorrhiza, biochae and 55 mg.kg-1 triple superphosphate. The results showed that biochar and or mycorrhiza application affect the amount of phosphorus consumed[H1] , but it should be noted that prolonged use of biochar could increase soil salinity.


Keywords

References

  1. AliEhyaee M., and Behbahani Zadeh, A.A. 1993. Description of Soil Chemical Analysis Methods.  Technical publication No. 1024, Vol. 2. Soil and Water Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
  2. Amonette, J.E., and Joseph, S. 2009. Characteristics of Biochar: Mi­crochemical Properties. In: Lehmann, J., Joseph, S. (eds.): Bio­char for Environmental Management Science and Technology. Earthscan, London, 33–43.
  3. Carlile M. J. and Watkinson, S. 1994. The Fungi. Academic Press, London, Boston, San Diego, New York, Sydney, Tokyo, pages 9-139 and 153- 172.
  4. Emami, A. 1996. Methods of Plant Analysis. Technical Publication No. 182. Soil and Water Research Institute Press, Tehran. 125pp. (In Persian).
  5. Gaskin, J.W., Steiner, C., Harris, K., Das, K.C., and Bibens, B. 2008. Effect of lowtemperature pyrolysis conditions on biochar for agricultural use. Transactions of the ASABE, 51: 2061-2069.
  6. Gee, G. W., and Bauder, J. W. 1986. Particle-size analysis. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods, Klute, A. (Ed.). Soil Sci. Soc. Am., and Am. Soc. Agro., Madison, WI. pp. 383-410
  7. Glick, B .R., Cheng, Z., Czarny, J., Duan, J, 2007. Promotion of plant growth by ACC deaminase containing soil bacteria. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 119(3):  329–39.
  8. Hinsinger P. 2001. Bioavailability of soil inorganic P in the rhizosphere as affected by root-induced chemical changes: a review. Plant Soil, 237:173-195.
  9. Atkinson, C.J., Fitzgerald, J.D., and Hipps, N.A. 2010. Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: A review. Plant Soil, 337: 1–18.
  10. Barea, J.M., M.J. Pozo, R. Azcon, and C. Azcon. 2005. Microbial co-operation in the rhizosphere. Journal of Experimental Botany, 56(417): 1761-1778.
  11. Beesley, L., Moreno-Jiménez, E., and Gomez-Eyles, J.L. 2010. Effects of biochar and greenwaste compost amendments on mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of inorganic and organic contami­nants in a multi-element polluted soil. Environmental Pollution, 158: 2282–2287.
  12. Blackwell, P., Riethmuller, G., and Collins, M. 2009. Biochar application to soil, in Lehmann, J., and Joseph, S. (eds.), Biochar for environmental management: science and technology, Earthscan, United Kingdom, 207–260.
  13. De Luca, T.H., MacKenzie, M.D., and Gundale, M.J. 2009. Biochar effects on soil nutrient transformations, in Lehmann, J., and Joseph, S. (eds.), Biochar for environmental management: science and technology, Earthscan, United Kingdom, 251-70.
  14. Gundale, M.J., and De Luca, T.H. 2007. Charcoal effects on soil so­lution chemistry and growth of Koeleria macrantha in the ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir ecosystem. . Biology and Fertility of Soils. 43: 303–311.
  15. Hammes, K., and Schmidt, W.I. 2009. Changes of biochar in soil. In Lehmann, J., and Joseph, S. (eds.), Biochar for environmental management: science and technology, Earthscan, United Kingdom, 169–82.
  16. Kameyama, K., Miyamoto, T., and Shinogi, Y. 2010. Increases in available water content of soils by applying bagasse-charcoals. World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. Brisbane, Australia, 105-108.
  17. Lehmann, J., da Silva, J.P., Steiner, C., Nehls, T., Zech, W., and Glaser, B. 2003. Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological anthrosol and a ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: Fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments. Plant Soil, 249: 343–57.
  18. Lehmann, J., Gaunt, J., and Rondon, M. 2006. Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems - A review. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. 11:395-419.
  19. Lindsay, W. I., and Norvell, W. A. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42: 421- 448.
  20. Loeppert, R. H., and Suarez, D. L. 1996. Carbonate and gypsum. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical methods, Sparks, D. L. (Ed.). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. and Am. Soc. Agro., Madison, WI. pp. 437-474.
  21. Oelkers E.H., and Valsami-Jones, E. 2008. Phosphate mineral reactivity and global sustainability. Elements, 4: 83–87.
  22. Rhoades, J. D. 1996. Salinity: electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids, In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods, Sparks, D. L. (Ed.). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. And Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI. pp. 417-435.
  23. Shaharoona, B., Arshad, M., Zahir, Z. A., and Khalid, A. 2006. Performance of Pseudomonas spp. containing ACC-deaminase for improving growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the presence of nitrogenous fertilizer. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38: 2971–2975.
  24. Sparkes, J., and Stoutjesdijk, P. 2011. Biochar: implications for agricultural productivity. Research by the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rorestry.
  25. Tarafdar, J. C., and Marschner, H. 1994. Efficiency of VAM hyphae in utilization of organic Phosphorus by wheat plant. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 40: 593 – 600.
  26. Thomas, G. W. 1996. Soil pH and soil acidity. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical methods. Sparks, D. L., (Ed.). Soil Science Society of America Journal and American Society Agronomy, Madison, WI. pp. 475-490.
  27. Turk, M. A., Assaf, T. A., Hameed, K. M., and Tawaha, A. M. 2006. Significance of Mycorrhizae. World Journal Agriculture Science, 2: 16 – 20.
  28. Wandruszka, R. V. 2006. Phosphorus retention in calcareous soils and the effect of organic matter on its mobility. http:// www. Geochemical transactions .com/ content /7/1/6.
  29. Watanabe, F. R., and Olson, S. R. 1965. Test of an ascorbic acid method for determining phosphorus in water and NaHCO3 extracts from soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. proc. 29:677-678.
  30. Muchovej, R.M. 2009. Importance of mycorrhizae for agricultural crops. Food and Agricultural Sciences. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
  31. Nelson, D. W., and Sommers, L. E. 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon,and organic matter. In: Methods of Soil Analysis part 3: Chemical methods, Sparks, D. L. (Ed.). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. and Am. Soc. Agro., Madison, WI. pp. 961-1010.
  32. Nigussie, A., Kissi, E.K., Misganaw, M., and Ambaw, G. 2012.Effect of biochar application on soil properties and nutrient uptake of lettuces (Lactuca sativa) grown in chromium polluted soils. American Eurasian Journal Agriculture and Environment Science, 12 (3): 369-376.
  33. Shenoy, V.V., and G.M. Kalagudi. 2005. Enhancing plant phosphorus use efficiency for sustainable cropping. Biotechnology Advances, 23: 501-513.
  34. Singh, P.K., M. Singh, and D. Vyas. 2010. Biocontrol of fusarium wilts of chickpea using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium leguminosorum biovar. Caryologia. 63 (4): 349-353.
  35. Smith, S.E., and Read, D. J. 2008. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Academic Press, London, U.K
  36. Southavong, S., Preston, T.R., and Van Man, N. 2012. Effect of biochar and biodigester effluent on growth of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic) and soil fertility. Livestock Research Rural Development, 24(2).
  37. Streubel, J.D. 2011. Biochar: Its characterization and utility for recovering phosphorus from anaerobic digested dairy effluent. Washington State University. Soil Science.159.
  38. Uchimyia, M., Lima, I.M., Klasson, K.T., and Wartelle, L.H. 2010. Con­taminant immobilization and release by biochar soil amendment. Roles of natural organic matter. Chemospere, 80: 935–940.
  39. Uzoma, K.C., Inoue, M., Andry, H., Fujimaki, H., Zahoor, A., and Nishihara, E. 2011. Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition. Journal compilation British Society of Soil Science. Soil Use and Management, 27: 205-212.
  40. Zahedifar, M., Karimian, N., Ronaghi, A., Yasrebi, J., and Emam, Y. 2011. Soil-Plant nutrient relationship at different growth stages of spinach as affected by phosphorus and manure applications.Commun. Soil Science Plant Analysis, 42(15): 1765-1781.
Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Volume 33, Issue 4
March 2020
Pages 473-483

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics