Influence of Slope Aspect and Plant Type on Some Soil Chemical Properties

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M Sc. Graduate of Soil Science, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

2 Associate Prof., Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

Abstract

Slope aspect, vegetation type, and depth of sampling are factors affecting soil chemical properties. These factors affect soil quality by increasing or decreasing organic matter content. However, the simultaneous effects of plant type and aspect on some soil properties have rarely been studied. For this purpose, the effect of aspect, plant type, and depth of sampling on soil chemical properties were studied based on factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 6 replications, in the Gonbad Paired Watershed Research Station. Soil sampling was done in August 2016 and chemical properties were measured. The soil pH was higher in the southern slopes than in the northern slopes. The pH of the soil under Astragalus parrowianus was significantly lower than that of Bromus tomentellus. In the northern slope, CEC of soil under Astragalus parrowianus was higher compared to that under Bromus tomentellus and inter-plant position, while in the southern slope, soils in the inter-plant position had significantly lower CEC in comparison with those under Bromus tomentellus and Astragalus parrowianus plants. At all plant and inter-plant positions, the CEC and organic matter content were significantly lower in the southern slope than in the northern slope. At the first and second depths of the northern and southern slopes, soil under Astragalus parrowianus plants had significantly higher organic matter and calcium carbonate compared to the Bromus tomentellus and inter-plant position. Also, at the first depth of the northern slope, soil under Bromus tomentellus plants had significantly higher organic matter and calcium carbonate compared to the inter-plant position. Generally, influence of the factors of aspect and vegetation type was more than that of the depth of sampling.

Keywords


  1. احمدی فصیحی، ع. 1389. مقایسه چرای مستمر با چرای تأخیری در پایان فصل چرا بر روی برخی از خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک­ها در حوزه زوجی آبخیز گنبد در استان همدان. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد علوم مرتع داری. دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان.
  2. ثروتی، م، بیرامی، ح و محمدی، ح. 1396. نمودهای خاکساختی خاک­های تحت کشت چغندرقند در منطقه میاندوآب. پانزدهمین کنگره علوم خاک ایران. دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.
  3. جعفری، م و مرادی، ح.ر. 1384. بررسی تأثیر کشت گونه­های تاغ، آتریپلکس و گز بر خصوصیات خاک در مسیر بزرگراه تهران - قم. مجله منابع طبیعی، جلد 58، شماره 4. صفحه 921 تا 931.
  4. جعفریان، ز و شعبانزاده، س. 1396. تأثیر جهت شیب بر تغییرپذیری مکانی ویژگی­های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک در منطقه کیاسر مازندران. مجله علوم خاک و آب، جلد 27، شماره 4، صفحه 225 تا 235.
  5. زرینی بهادر، م، نبی الهی، ک و نوروزی، م. 1394. تأثیر جهت­های شیب متفاوت بر برخی ویژگی­ها و تکامل خاک­های جنگلی (مطالعه موردی: رستم آباد استان گیلان). مجله آب و خاک (علوم و صنایع کشاورزی)، جلد 29، شماره 3. صفحه 648 تا 662.
  6. گروه کارشناسی اداره حوضه­های معرف زوجی . 1379. اصول و مبانی طرح ملی استقرار و راه­اندازی حوضه­های معرف زوجی در کشور. وزارت جهاد کشاورزی، معاونت آبخیزداری.
  7. شماعی، ع، فخری پورمحمدی، ا و زنگانه، ا. 1396. ارزیابی کیفیت زندگی در مناطق شهری (مطالعه موردی: منطقه 11 شهرداری تهران). نشریه پژوهش­های جغرافیایی برنامه­ریزی شهری، دوره 5. شماره 3. صفحه 357 تا 379.
  8. فرزانه، ح. 1382. بررسی برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک و عمق آب زیر زمینی در تاغ­زارهای سبزوار. مجموعه مقالات اولین همایش ملی تاغ و تاغ­کاری در ایران. چاپ اول. دفتر تثبیت شن و بیابان زدایی، سازمان جنگل­ها، مراتع و آبخیزداری. 42 صفحه.
  9. مقیمی، ج. 1384. معرفی برخی گونه‌های مهم مرتعی مناسب برای توسعه و اصلاح مراتع ایران‌. وزارت جهاد کشاورزی‌، سازمان جنگل­ها، مراتع و آبخیزداری کشور، دفتر فنی مرتع‌.
  10. مهاجری، پ، علمداری، پ و گلچین، ا. 1395. تأثیر موقعیت­های شیب بر خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک­های واقع بر ردیف پستی و بلندی در منطقه دیلمان استان گیلان. نشریه آب وخاک، جلد 30، شماره 1. صفحه 162 تا 171.
  11. میرخانی، ر، سعادت، س و شعبانپور، م. 1384. استفاده از فراوانی نسبی ذرات و درصد کربن آلی برای برآورد ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی خاکهای استان لرستان. مجله علمی- پژوهشی علوم خاک و آب، جلد 19، شماره 2، صفحه 235 تا 242.
  12. Alban, D.H. 1982. Effect of nutrient accumulation by aspen, spruce, and pine on soil properties. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 40, 833-861.
  13. Augusto, L., Ranger, J., Binkley, D., and Rothe, A. 2002. Impact of several common tree species of European temperate forests on soil fertility. Annals of Forest Science, 59, 233-253.
  14. Baldock, J. A., Oades, J. M., Waters, A. G., Peng, X., Vassallo, A. M., and Wilson, M. A. 1992. Aspects of the chemical structure of soil organic materials as revealed by solid-state 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Biogeochemistry, 16, 1-42.
  15. Begum F., Bajracharya R., Sharma S., and Sitaula B.K. 2010. Influence ofslope aspect on soil physico-chemical and biological properties in the mid hills of central Nepal. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 17, 438 – 443.
  16. Bennie, J., Huntley, B., Wiltshire, A., Hill, M.O. and Baxter, R. 2008. Slope aspect and climate: spatially explicit and implicit models of topographic microclimate in chalk grassland. Ecol. Model. 216, 47-59.
  17. Bhogal, A., Nicholson, F. A., and Chambers, B. J. 2009. Organic carbon additions: effects on soil bio‐physical and physico‐chemical properties. European Journal of Soil Science, 60, 276-286.
  18. Broxton P.D., Troch P.A., and Lyon S.W. 2009. On the role of aspect to quantify water transit times in small mountainous catchments. Water Resources Research, 45, W08427. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007438.
  19. Brubaker, S. C., Jones, A. J., Lewis D. T. and Frank, K. (1993). Soil properties associated with landscape position. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., J. 57, 235-239.
  20. Butterfield, B. J., and Briggs, J. M. 2009. Patch dynamics of soil biotic feedbacks in the Sonoran Desert. Journal of Arid Environments. 73, 96-102.
  21. Choupanian, A., Gheytouri, M., and Mahdavi, M. 2012. Effect of physiographic factors on Soil Carbon Sequestration in Kermanshah (Iran. International Journal of Forest, Soil and Erosion (IJFSE). 2, 159-162.
  22. Cui, X., Wang, Y., Niu, H., Wu, J., Wang, S., Schnug, E., Rogasik, J., Fleckenstein, J. and Tang, Y. 2005. Effect of long‐term grazing on soil organic carbon content in semiarid steppes in Inner Mongolia. Ecological Research. 20, 519-527.
  23. Davenport, D. W., P. W. Bradford, and D. D. Breshears. 1996. Soil morphology of canopy and intercanopy sites in a pinonjuniper woodland. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 60, 1881-1887.
  24. Fageria, N. K., and Nascente, A. S. 2014. Management of soil acidity of South American soils for sustainable crop production. In Advances in Agronomy. 128, 221-275. Academic Press.
  25. Fairchild, J.A. and J. D. Brotherson. 2001. Microhabital relationship of six major shrubs in Navajo National Monument, Arizonal. J. Range Manag. 33, 150-156.
  26. Frodin, D. G. 2004. History and concepts of big plant genera. Taxon. 53, 753-776.
  27. Gajri, P. R., Arora, V. K., and Prihar, S. S. 2002. Tillage for sustainable cropping. Food Products Press.
  28. Geroy, I. J., Gribb, M. M., Marshall, H. P., Chandler, D. G., Benner, S. G., and McNamara, J. P. 2011. Aspect influences on soil water retention and storage. Hydrological Processes. 25, 3836-3842.
  29. Goraghani, S., Reza, H., Solaimani Sardo, M., Azizi, N., Azareh, A., and Heshmati, S. 2014. Investigation of changes in rangeland vegetation regarding different slopes, elevation and geographical aspects (Case Study: Yazi Rangeland, Noor County, Iran). Journal of Rangeland Science. 4, 246-255.
  30. Hagen-Thorn, A., Armolaitis, K., Callesen, I., and Stjernquist, I. 2004. Macronutrients in tree stems and foliage: a comparative study of six temperate forest species planted at the same sites. Annals of Forest Science. 61, 489-498.
  31. Heidari, A., Athar, F., and Manochehr, G. 2010. August. Carbon sequestration under different physiographic and climatic conditions in north Karaj river basin. In Proceeding: 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. 19, 1-6.
  32. Henteh, A., N. Zargham, M. Jafari, M. Moghadam and M. Zare-Chahooki. 2004. Studyof the effect ofAtriplex canescens on native vegetation of Zarand, Markazi province e Aghzigang anti-desertification project. Biaban. 9, 345-360.
  33. Jaiyeoba, I. A. 2003. Changes in soil properties due to continuous cultivation in Nigerian semiarid Savannah. Soil and Tillage Research. 70, 91-98.
  34. Karimi, D. F., Jalalian, A., Mehnatkesh, A. M., and Honarjoo, N. 2014. The effect of land use change on mineralogy and micro-morphological properties of clay soil on Lordegan County-in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. 4, 1-32.
  35. Kodešová, R., Kodeš, V., Žigová, A., and Šimůnek, J. 2006. Impact of plant roots and soil organisms on soil micromorphology and hydraulic properties. Biologia. 61, S339-S343.
  36. Lenka, N. K., Sudhishri, S., Dass, A., Choudhury, P. R., Lenka, S., and Patnaik, U. S. 2013. Soil carbon sequestration as affected by slope aspect under restoration treatments of a degraded alfisol in the Indian sub-tropics. Geoderma. 204, 102-110.
  37. Mahmoodabadi, M., and Ahmadbeigi, B. 2013. Dry and water-stable aggregates in different cultivation systems of arid region soils. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 6, 2997-3002.
  38. McCulley, R. L., Archer, S. R., Boutton, T. W., Hons, F. M., and Zuberer, D. A. 2004. Soil respiration and nutrient cycling in wooded communities developing in grassland. Ecology. 85, 2804-2817.
  39. Memarian fard M., and Beigi harchagani H. 2009. Comparison of artificial neural network and regressionpedotransfer functions models for prediction of soil cation exchange capacity in Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province. Journal of Water and Soil. Winter 2009, 23, 90-99.
  40. Mishra, A., Sharma, S. D., and Gupta, M. K. 2003. Soil rehabilitation through afforestation: evaluation of the performance of Prosopis juliflora, Dalbergia sissoo and Eucalyptus tereticornis plantations in a sodic environment. Arid Land Research and Management, 17, 257-269.
  41. Moody, A., and Jones, J. A. 2000. Soil response to canopy position and feral pig disturbance beneath Quercus agrifolia on Santa Cruz Island, California. Applied Soil Ecology. 14, 269-281.
  42. Naseri, S., Adibi, M. A., Javadi, S. A., Jafari, M., and Zadbar, M. 2013. Investigation of the effect of biological stabilization practice on some soil parameters (North East of Iran). Journal of Rangeland Science. 2, 643-653.
  43. Ohrtman, M. K., Sher, A. A., and Lair, K. D. 2012. Quantifying soil salinity in areas invaded by Tamarix spp. Journal of Arid Environments. 85, 114-121.
  44. Pandey, C. B., Chaudhari, S. K., Dagar, J. C., Singh, G. B., and Singh, R. K. 2010. Soil N mineralization and microbial biomass carbon affected by different tillage levels in a hot humid tropic. Soil and Tillage Research. 110, 33-41.
  45. Peichl, M., and Arain, M. A. 2006. Above-and belowground ecosystem biomass and carbon pools in an age-sequence of temperate pine plantation forests. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 140, 51-63.
  46. Reimann, C., Koller, F., Frengstad, B., Kashulina, G., Niskavaara, H., and Englmaier, P. 2001. Comparison of the element composition in several plant species and their substrate from a 1 500 000-km2 area in Northern Europe. Science of the Total Environment. 278, 87-112.
  47. Rezaei, N., Roozitalab, M. H., and Ramezanpour, H. 2012. Effect of land use change on soil properties and clay mineralogy of forest soils developed in the Caspian Sea region of Iran. Journal of Agricaltural Science and Technology. 14, 1617-1624.
  48. Rezapour, S., Golmohammad, H., and Ramezanpour, H. 2014. Impact of parent rock and topography aspect on the distribution of soil trace metals in natural ecosystems. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 11, 2075-2086.
  49. Sanjari, S., Farpoor, M. H., Karimian, E. M., and Esfandiarpoor, B. I. 2011. Genesis, micromorphology and clay mineralogy of soils located on different geomorphic surfaces in Jiroft area. 25, 411-425.
  50. Schuman, G. E., Janzen, H. H., and Herrick, J. E. 2002. Soil carbon dynamics and potential carbon sequestration by rangelands. Environmental pollution. 116, 391-396.
  51. Sharma, A. 2001. Afforestation for reclaiming degraded village common land a case study. J. Bioomass Bioenergy. 21, 35-42.
  52. Shi, J., and Cui, L. 2010. Soil carbon change and its affecting factors following afforestation in China. Landscape and Urban Planning. 98, 75-85.
  53. Sidari, M., Ronzello, G., Vecchio, G., and Muscolo, A. 2008. Influence of slope aspects on soil chemical and biochemical properties in a Pinus laricio forest ecosystem of Aspromonte (Southern Italy). European Journal of Soil Biology. 44, 364-372.
  54. Singh, S. K., Pandey, C. B., Sidhu, G. S., Sarkar, D., and Sagar, R. 2011. Concentration and stock of carbon in the soils affected by land uses and climates in the western Himalaya, India. Catena. 87, 78-89.
  55. Tan, Z. X., Lal, R., Smeck, N. E., and Calhoun, F. G. 2004. Relationships between surface soil organic carbon pool and site variables. Geoderma. 121, 187-195.
  56. Tatsuhara, S., and Kurashige, H. 2001. Estimating foliage biomass in a natural deciduous broad-leaved forest area in a mountainous district. Forest ecology and management. 152, 141-148.
  57. Tejada, M., and Gonzalez, J. L. 2006. The relationships between erodibility and erosion in a soil treated with two organic amendments. Soil and Tillage Research. 91, 186-198.
  58. Vågen, T. G., Andrianorofanomezana, M. A., and Andrianorofanomezana, S. 2006. Deforestation and cultivation effects on characteristics of oxisols in the highlands of Madagascar. Geoderma. 131, 190-200.
  59. Vahidi, M. J., Jafarzadeh, A. A., Oustan, S., and Shahbazi, F. 2011. Effect of Geomorphology on Physical, Chemical and Mineralogical Properties of Soils in Southern Ahar. Water and Soil Science (Agricultural Science). 21, 65-80.
  60. Vanessa, N.L., Richard, S.B. and Brian, W. 2005. Decomposition of organic matter in salt affected soil. CRC Press, London. PP: 333-337.
  61. Walter, H. 1979. Vegetation of the Earth, 2nd edn., Springer-Verlag, New York.
  62. Xiao-gang, L., Li, F. M., Zed, R., and Zheng-yan, Z. 2007. Soil management changes organic carbon pools in alpine pastureland soils. Soil and Tillage Research. 93, 186-196.
  63. Yimer, F., Ledin, S., and Abdelkadir, A. 2006. Soil property variations in relation to topographic aspect and vegetation community in the south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia. Forest Ecology and Management. 232, 90-99.
  64. Yun-Qiang, W. A. N. G., Zhang, X. C., Zhang, J. L., and Shun-Ji, L. I. 2009. Spatial variability of soil organic carbon in a watershed on the Loess Plateau. Pedosphere. 19, 486-495.
  65. Zhang, C., Xue, S., Liu, G. B., and Zhang, C. S. 2012. Effects of slope aspect on soil chemical and microbial properties during natural recovery on abandoned cropland in the Loess plateau, China. In Advanced Materials Research. 356, 2422-2429. Trans Tech Publications.