Competition between Clay Brick and Farming for Agricultural Lands in Fars Province

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Member of Scientific Staff of Soil and Water Research Institute; Karaj, Iran

2 Associate Professor.; Soil Genesis and Classification Department; Soil and Water Research Institute; Karaj, Iran

3 Member of Scientific Staff of Fars Agriculture and Natural Resource Research Center

4 Assistant Professor.; Soil Genesis and Classification Department; Soil and Water Research Institute; Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Recently, concerns about conversion of agricultural lands to brick factories have come to the fore. In Iran, few studies have been focused on this issue. This study was conducted to (1) determine the areal extent and magnitude of agricultural lands which have been converted to brick factories in Marvdasht and Kavar plains in Fars Province, and (2) investigate the environmental consequences of brickworks. The aerial photos of the study areas acquired in 1993 and 1955 were used to verify the status of land under brick factories in the past. Google Earth facilities were used to locate the brick factories and map their geographic distribution in 2011. To determine the capacity of the converted lands, several soil profiles were studied in the converted agricultural lands. Data integration was done using Arc GIS software. The number of brick factories and the land areas they occupy have grown dramatically in recent years. Currently, the land swallowed by brick factories covers 560 and 740 ha in Marvdasht and Kavar plains, respectively. The converted land areas show a three-time growth in Marvdasht plain and an eight-time growth in Kavar plain since 1993. Soil survey investigations during fieldwork revealed that most of the converted surfaces belong to class II land with slight limitations for farming. The opportunity to annually produce about 8000 tons of wheat on about 1300 ha of the converted lands has been lost, as a result of improper land use change in Marvdasht and Kavar plains. Land use change by brick factories is a threat to agricultural production in Fars Province. Moreover, intensified brick production has increased adverse environmental effects by augmenting land, water and air pollution. If continued, brickworks not only will consume vast areas of prime agricultural lands, but also, the added value of the agricultural lands will persuade the farmers to sell their lands and immigrate to big cities.

Keywords

References

  1. جمشیدی، محمد،1390. تعیین گسترش جغرافیائی اراضی تغییر کاربری یافته در اثر کوره پز­خانه­ها در استان فارس و بررسی اثرات آن بر تولید اراضی کشاورزی. موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب. نشریه شماره 1564. کرج. ایران.
  2. سازمان جغرافیایی نیروهای مسلح. 1346. نقشه توپوگرافی 1:50,000 برگ نقشه­های بلوک 32: مرودشت، برگ شماره .6549 I
  3. سازمان نقشه­برداری کشور . 1376. نقشه­توپوگرافی 1:25,000 برگ نقشه­های بلوک 99: فتح­آباد، برگ شماره 6548 IV SE، حاجی آباد، برگ شماره 6549  I NE، مرودشت (1)، برگ شماره 6549  I NW، مرودشت (2)، برگ شماره 6549  I SW، رجا آباد، برگ شماره 6549  I SE .
  4. سازمان نقشه­برداری کشور.01372 عکس­های هوائی با مقیاس 1:40000 . تهران، ایران.
  5. سازمان نقشه­برداری کشور. 1355. نقشه­توپوگرافی 1:50,000 برگ نقشه­های بلوک 32: بورک دامن، برگ شماره 6548 IV .
  6. سازمان نقشه­برداری کشور.01334 عکس­های هوائی با مقیاس 1:55000 . تهران، ایران.
  7. سوزنچی، کیانوش. 1383. نگاهی به ابهامات موجود در حفاظت از اراضی کشاورزی و باغات در محدوده شهرها. آبادی، سال چهاردهم، شماره 42.
  8. شرکت ملی نفت ایران، 1387.قابل دسترس در تارنمای: (http://geography.isfedu.com/list-maghaleh/h1/h1.htm)، تایخ مشاهده: 25/10/ 1390.
  9. معاونت­برنامه­ریزی و نظارت راهبردی رئیس جمهور/ دفتر نظام فنی اجرائی. 1387. دستورالعمل تجزیه­های آزمایشگاهی نمونه­های خاک و آب. نشریه شماره 467. 255 ص. تهران. ایران.
  10. موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب. 1368. راهنمای طبقه­بندی اراضی برای آبیاری. نشریه فنی شماره 766 (ترجمه نشریه فنی شماره 205). تهران. ایران.
  11. موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب ،1349. گزارش خاکشناسی اجمالی دقیق منطقه درود زن-استان فارس. نشریه شماره 207. تهران. ایران.
  12. موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، 1343. گزارش خاکشناسی نیمه تفصیلی پروژه شیراز-استان فارس. نشریه شماره 96. تهران. ایران.
  13. مومنی، عزیز، اصغر فرج نیا، محمد حسن طاهرزاده و محمد جمشیدی. 1386. بررسی ابعاد جغرافیائی و پتانسیل تولید اراضی کشاورزی تغییر کاربری یافته در اثر توسعه بی برنامه کلان شهرهای ایران. فصل نامه تحقیقات جغرافیائی. شماره 86.. پژوهشکده امیر کبیر و اقلیم شناسی. صفحات 36-2.
  14. Haque, S. 2009. Land degredation. Newagebd, 28 may. (www. Newagebd. Com/2009.)
  15. S., E. Akça, D.M. Özden, N. Sakarya, K.M. Çimrin, U. Alagöz, R. Ulusoy, C. Darıcı, Z. Kaya, S. Düzenli, H. Gülcan. 2011. Land Degradation in Turkey. Available on line at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/2553149/Land-Degradation-in-Turkey. visited 2/6/2012.
  16. Kathuria, V. (2007) Utilization of Fly-ash by Brick Manufacturers – Environmental Costs vs. Benefits, Report submitted to Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, N. Delhi.
  17. Peter J. Marcotullio , Ademola K. Braimoh and Takashi Onishi. 2008. The impact of urbanization on soils Land Use and Soil Resources. (Eds. A.K. Braimoh and P.L.G. Vlek) Springer Science, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp 201-250.
  18. Richards, J. F. 1990. Land transformation. p. 163–178. In B.L. Turner II (ed.) The earth as transformed by human action. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK
  19. Richards, L. A. (ed.) 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. USDA Agriculture Handbook/60p.
  20. United State Department of Agriculture. Soil Conservation Service. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys (second edition), Soil Survey. Staff. US. Department of Agriculture. Handbook. 436. Washington, DC.
  21. United State Department of Agriculture. Soil Conservation Service. 1993. Soil Survey Manual. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Handbook No. 18. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Volume 26, Issue 4
March 2022
Pages 317-326

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics