Success or failure in legume establishment is dependent on soil chemical, physical and biotic properties and also crop management. The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the indigenous population and nodulation of Sinorhizobium meliloti and important limiting factors for nodulation of alfalfa roots in Isfahan, central Iran. Soil samples were taken from different fields of alfalfa in order to determine soil physico-chemical properties and numbers of S. meliloti. The size of these populations depend on both environmental and soil factors and generally ranges from 1.5´102 to 14.7´103 cells of S. meliloti g-1soil. A significantly higher number of S. meliloti was present in Shahreza and Daran sites. The results also showed a significantly positive effect of soil potassium and soil phosphorus at p0.01 and negetive effect of soil bulk density at p0.05 on the alfalfa nodulation score and soil rhizobia numbers. Factors such as undesirable environmental condition (temperature, water supply), soil properties, improper management of alfalfa farms, excessive cutting and grazing, and lack of suitable rhizobia in soils were among the factors limiting alfalfa nodulation.
Alexander, M. 1982. Ecology of Rhizobium. Biological nitrogen fixation. Academic Publisher, pp. 39-50.
Balasunhramanian, V. and K. Sinha. 1976. Effect of salt stress on growth, nodulations and nitrogen fixation in cowpea and mungbean. Plant Physiol, 36:197-200.
Biederbeck, V. O., H. A. Bjorge, S.A. Brandt, and J.L. Henry. 1995. Soil improvement with legumes including legumes in crop rotation. Canada-Saskatchewan Agreement on Soil Conservation.
Boreleau, L. M. and S. T. D. Prevest. 1994. Nodulation and nitrogen fixation in extreme environments. Plant and Soil, Vol. 161:115-125.
Collins, M., D. J. Lang and K. A. Kelling. 1986. Effects of phosphorus, potassium and sulfur on alfalfa nitrogen fixation under field condition. Agron. J. 78: 959-963.
Dazzo, F. B.and W. J. Brill. 1978. Regulation by fixed nitrogen of host symbiont recognition in the Rhizobiom-clover symbiosis. Plant Physiol, Vol. 62:18-20.
Eayleshan, A. R., J. S. Hassouna and F. Seegars. 1983. Fertilizers-N effect on N2 fixation by cowpea and soybean. Agron. J. Vol. 75, pp. 61-66.
Feigfnbaum, S. and D. Mengel.1979. The effect of reduced light intensity and sub-optimal potassium supply on N2-fixation and N turn over in rhizobium-infected lucerne. Physiol. Plant, 45:245-249.
Gibson, A. H. 1977. The influence of the environmental and managerial practices on the Legume-Rhizobium John Wiley and Sons. pp. 394-450.
Gibson, A.H. 1971. Factors in the physical and biological environment affecting nodulation and nitrogen fixation by legumes. Plant and Soil. Special, 2:139-152.
ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas) 1993. Practical Rhizobium-Legume Technology Manual No.19, Aleppo, Syria.
Keck, T. J., P. Wagnet, W. F. Compbell, and R. E. Knighton. 1984. Effect of water and salt stress on growth and acetylene reduction in alfalfa. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J., 48:1310-1315.
Lawson, K. A., Y. M. Barnet and C. A. McGilehrist.1987. Environmental factors influencing numbers of Rhizobium legominosarum biovar trifolii and its bacteriophages in two fields' soils. Environ. Microbiol. 53:1125-1131.
Leung, K. and P. Y. Bottomley. 1987. Influence of phosphate on the growth and nodulation characteristic of Rhizobium trifolii. Environ. Microbiol., 53:2098-2105.
Lindemann, W.C. and C.R. Glover.2003. Nitrogen fixation by legumes. Guide A-129. New Mexico state university.
Roughley, R. J. and P. J. Dart. 1970. Root temperature and root hair infection of trifolium subteraneum. Plant and Soil, 32:518-520.
Schubert, S. 1995. Nitrogen assimilation by legumes processes and ecological limitation. Fertilizers Research, 23: 222-226.
Smith, D. H. and G. K. Beck.1999. Alfalfa: production and management No. 703. Colorado State University Cooprative Extention.
Sprent, Janet I. 1990. Nitrogen fixing organisms. Chapman and Hall.
Tu, J.C. and R. E. Ford. 1984. Plant virus intraction in nitrogen-fixing nodules. Zeit. Fur pflantenkrank heiten, 91: 200-212.
Valssak, k.m.and J. Vanderleyden. 1997. Factors influencing nodule occupancy by inoculant rhizobia. Crit Rev. Plant. Sci. 16:163-229.
Vance, C. P., and P. H. Graham. 1997.16th. North American Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation Conference.
Vincent, J. M. 1982. Enumeration and determination of growth. Pp.35-45 in Vincent, J. M.(Ed). Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes. Wiley, Sydney.
Wood, M., J. E. Cooper and A. J. Holding. 1984. Aluminum toxicity and nodulation of trifolium response. Plant and Soil, 8:381-391.
Woomer, P. L., P. W. Singleton and B.B. Bohlool. 1988. Ecological indicators of native rhizobia in tropical soils. Environ. Microbiol. 54: 1112-1116.
Yousef, A. W., A. S. Al-Nassiri, S.k. Al-Azawi and N. Abdul Hossain. 1987. Abundance of peanut rhizobia as affected by environmental factors. Soil Biol. Biochemo 19:319-396.
Yahyaabadi, M., & Khavazi, K. (2007). Some Important Factors Limiting Nodulation of Alfalfa Roots in Certain Regions of Isfahan Province. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 21(1), 102-110. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2007.127028
MLA
M. Yahyaabadi; K. Khavazi. "Some Important Factors Limiting Nodulation of Alfalfa Roots in Certain Regions of Isfahan Province". Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 21, 1, 2007, 102-110. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2007.127028
HARVARD
Yahyaabadi, M., Khavazi, K. (2007). 'Some Important Factors Limiting Nodulation of Alfalfa Roots in Certain Regions of Isfahan Province', Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 21(1), pp. 102-110. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2007.127028
VANCOUVER
Yahyaabadi, M., Khavazi, K. Some Important Factors Limiting Nodulation of Alfalfa Roots in Certain Regions of Isfahan Province. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 2007; 21(1): 102-110. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2007.127028