Evaluation of Dynamics of Residual Major Macronutrients in Response to Different Rotations, Conventional and Ecological Cropping Systems

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Resarcher, Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center

2 Professor of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad;

3 M.Sc. in Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, respectively

Abstract

In order to evaluate the residual amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil in response to different rotations and conventional and ecological cropping systems, an experiment with split-plot design, based on complete randomized block arrangement with 3 replications, was conducted for 6 years. Main plots were assigned to different rotations, including wheat-wheat, and corn-wheat and sugar beet-wheat. Sub plots were assigned to different cropping systems including high-input, medium-input, low-input, integrated (with moderate input) and organic (without any chemical input). Results showed that the amount of macronutrients in surface soil layer varied with rotations and cropping system, whereas. The amount of residual N in soil was reduced, residual P and K increased in 6 years. Also soil analysis showed that the residual amounts of soil nutrients in organic and integrated systems were greater than those of conventional system. The residual amount of macronutrients was affected significantly by different rotations. The electrical conductivity of saturated extract in integrated system was the highest and those of the high-input, medium-input and low-input systems were of medium, and the organic system was at the lowest level by comparison.

Keywords

References

  1. بای بوردی، م.، م. ج. ملکوتی،. امیر مکری و م. نفیسی.1379. تولید و مصرف بهینه کود شیمیایی در راستا ی اهداف کشاورزی پایدار. سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی، وزارت جهاد کشاورزی. 282 ص.
  2. گوهری، ج.، ق. توحیدلو، د. ف. طالقانی و و. یوسف آبادی. 1375. بررسی اثرات متقابل کود دامی و ازته بر عملکرد محصول چغندر قند. چهارمین کنگره علوم زراعت و اصلاح نباتات.
  3. محمدزاده، ع. و ح. میوه چی لنگرودی. 1377. روش مصرف توأم کود حیوانی و فسفره در خاک برای کاهش مصرف کودهای فسفره در خاکهای استان بوشهر. نشریه علمی پژوهشی موسسه تحقیقات خاک وآب. جلد 12. شماره 1. صفحه 20-27.
  4. ملکوتی، م. ج. 1378. کشاورزی پایدار و افزایش عملکرد با بهینه سازی مصرف کود در ایران. سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی، وزارت جهاد کشاورزی. 460 ص.
  5. Bauer, A., and L. Black. 1994. Quantification of the effect of soil organic matter content on soil productivity. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58: 185-193.
  6.  Camberato, J. J., and J. R. Frederick. 1994. Residual maize fertilizer nitrogen availability to wheat. Agron. J. 86: 962- 967.
  7. Chaney, K. 1990. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate on soil nitrate content after harvesting wheat,. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 114: 171-176.
  8.   Echeverria, H. E., C. A. Navarro, and F. H. Andrade. 1992. Nitrogen nutrition of wheat following different crops. J. Agric. Sci. Camb.118: 157- 163.
  9. Gosdin, G. W., M. Stelley, and W. E. Adams. 1949. The organic matter and nitrogen content and carbon-nitrogen ratio of cecil soil as influenced by different cropping systems on classes I, II and IV land. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Pro. 14:203-209.
  10. Negi, S. C., K. Singh, and R. C. Thakur. 1992. Economics of phosphorus and farmyard manure application in wheat-maize sequence. Indian. J. Agron. 37: 30-33.
  11. Pimental, D., 1993. Economics and energies of organic and conventional farming. J. Agric. Environ. Ethics. 6: 53-60.
  12.  Sharif, M. F. Chaudhrg, and A. G. Lorho. 1974. Suppression of super phophate-phosphorus fixation by farmyard manure. Part 2. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 20(4): 395-401.
  13. Van Faassen, H. G., and G, Lebbink. 1994. Organic matter and nitrogen dynamics in conventional vs integrated arable farming. Agric. Ecosystems Environ. 51: 209- 226.
  14. Varvel, G. E. and T. A. Peterson. 1990. Residual soil nitrogen as affected by continuous, two years and four years crop rotation systems. Agron. J. 82: 954-962.
  15.  Zareh Fizabadi,  A.,  Koocheki, A. and Nassiri, M. 2000. Energy efficiency of
  16. conventional and ecological cropping systems in different rotations with wheat. In : T. Alfoldi, W.Lockeretz and U. Niggli (Editors), The world Grows Organic. Proceedings of the 13th International IFOAM Scientific Conference, Basel, Switzerland , 382-385
  17. Zareh Fizabadi,  A.,  Koocheki, A. and Nassiri, M. 2002. Evaluation of dynamics of major macronutrients in different conventional and ecological cropping systems .In:R. Thompson(Editor),Cultivating Communities. Proceedings of the 14th International IFOAM Scientific Conference, Victoria, Canada , 51.
  18. Zoum, X., and K. G. Doxtader. 1992. A new method for estimating gross phosphorus mineralization and immobilization rate in soil. Plant and Soil. 147: 243-250
Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Volume 19, Issue 1
May 2005
Pages 17-25

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics