Response of Safflower Cultivars to Different Levels of Phosphorus in Warm Regions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

2 Leila Rezakhani, Researcher, Soil and Water Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran

3 Kamran Mirzashahi, Assistant Professor, Dezful Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center; AREEO, Dezful, Iran

4 Hormozd Naghavi, Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Kerman Province; AREEO, Kerman, Iran

5 Associate Professor, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Fars Province; AREEO, Shiraz, Iran

6 Mojtaba Yahyaabadi, Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Isfahan Province; AREEO, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

In order to investigate the response of safflower cultivars to different levels of soil P for its optimum use, this study was carried out in Darab, Isfahan, Dezful, and Kerman regions as a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design in three replications in two cropping seasons (2015-2016). The first factor was cultivar (Padideh and Goldasht cultivars for Isfahan and Darab and Goldasht and Soffe for Kerman and Dezful) and the second factor was different rates of triple super phosphate (TSP) including zero, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg.ha-1. The soil available phosphorus in Isfahan was 10.2, Darab 11, Kerman 7 and Dezful 7.18 mg kg-1. Based on the results, the effect of cultivar on safflower seed yield in Isfahan and Dezful was significant (p<0.01) and (p<0.05), respectively, but in Darab and Kerman, the difference between the two cultivars was not significant. The effect of TSP rate on grain yield in all four regions was significant (p<0.01).  The interaction effect effects of cultivar-phosphorus on the grain yield was significant only in Isfahan region (p<0.05). In Isfahan and Dezful, the highest yield was obtained from the Goldasht at the rate of 50 kg.ha-1, significantly different than the control. In Kerman, the highest seed yield was obtained from Goldasht and at 150 kg ha-1 TSP, significantly different than other treatments. With the application of TSP in Darab, Dezful and Isfahan, 20%, 78%, and 28%, increase in grain yield was observed compared to the control, respectively. The best benefit-to-cost ratio in Darab and Kerman regions was obtained from Goldasht for 100 and 150 kg.ha-1 TSP, respectively, while in Dezful and Isfahan it was obtained for 150 kg ha-1 TSP in Soffeh and Padideh, respectively. In general, for safflower in warm regions with soil available P of 10 mg kg-1, 50 kg.ha-1 TSP and for areas with soil available P of 7 mg.kg-1, 150 kg ha-1 TSP can be recommended.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. بایبوردی، ا، و ف. نورقلی پور. 1398. دستورالعمل مدیریت تلفیقی حاصلخیزی خاک و تغذیه گیاه گلرنگ. نشریه فنی 587. موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب.
  2. جباری، ح.، س. س. پورداد.، ا. ح. امیدی.، م. ر. نظری.، ح. صادقی گرمارودی.، م. ر. شهسواری.، ف. نورقلی پور.، ر. رضوی.، ع. ا. کیهانیان.، م. ر. کرمی نژاد.، م. جمشیدی مقدم.، م. صفری.، م. اکبری.، ه. شریف نسب. 1398. دستورالعمل فنی کشت گلرنگ (آبی و دیم). موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر. سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی. وزارت جهاد کشاورزی.
  3. خدامرادی، م.، م. سراجوقی و ا. ع. محمدی. 1393. بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف فسفر بر صفات رویشی و عملکرد ارقام گلرنگ در شرایط آبی. همایش ملی تغییرات اقلیم و مهندسی توسعه پایدار کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی.
  4. زینلی، ا. 1391 . گلرنگ (شناخت، تولید و مصرف). انتشارات دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان،گرگان، 137 صفحه.
  5. عراقی نژاد، م. ر.، م. سراجوقی، و م. ن. ایلکائی. 1395. تأثیر سطوح مختلف سولفات پتاسیم بر افزایش عملکرد ارقام صفه و گلدشت در گلرنگ. مجله زراعت و اصلاح نباتات. 12 (3): 122-109.
  6. علی احیایی، م.، و ع. ا. بهبهانی زاده. 1372. شرح روش‌های شیمیایی تجزیه خاک. نشریه فنی شماره 893، چاپ اول، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، کرج، ایران.
  7. حشمتی، س.، م.، امینی دهقی، و ک. فتحی امیرخیز، 1396. تأثیر کاربرد کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی فسفر بر عملکرد دانه, عملکرد روغن و اسیدهای چرب گلرنگ بهاره در شرایط کمبود آب. مجله علوم گیاهان زراعی ایران (علوم کشاورزی ایران), 48(1), 159-169.
  8. میر سید حسینی، ح.، و ف. نور قلی پور. 1398. چالش­های افزایش تولید و نقش تغذیه گیاه و حاصلخیزی خاک در کشت کلزا. شانزدهمین کنگره علوم خاک ایران. 5-7 شهریور 1398، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.
  9. نورقلی پور، ف.، ع. جعفر نژادی، ی. محمد نژاد، م.‌ پسندیده، س. سلیم پور، م.‌ حسین ارزانش، م. افضلی، ا.‌ اسدی جلودار، ا.‌ بایبوردی، ن.‌ منتجبی، م.‌ زلفی باوریانی، پ‌. کشاورز، ک.‌ میرزا شاهی، ج. قادری، م.‌ حسینی، و م. سیلسپور.‌ 1399. تغذیه تلفیقی کلزا در برخی از مزارع مناطق گرم و سرد کشور (پایلوت تغذیه کلزا). گزارش نهایی 57614 مورخ 10/3/99، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، کرج، ایران.
  10. Abbadi, J. 2017. Phosphorous use efficiency of safflower and sunflower grown in different soils. World Journal of Agricultural Research 5 (4): 212-220.
  11. Abbadi, J., and Gerendas, J. 2011. Effects of phosphorus supply on growth, yield, and yield components safflower and sunflower. Journal of Plant Nutrition 34:1769–1787.
  12. Afzal, O., Asif, M., Ahmed, M., Awan, F. K., Aslam, M. A., Zahoor, A., Bilal, M., Shaheen, F. A., Zulfiqar, M. A., and Ahmed, N. 2017. Integrated nutrient management of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) under rain fed conditions. American Journal of Plant Science 8: 2208-2218.
  13. Ahmadpour Abnavi, S., Ramroudi, M., and Galavi, M. 2019. Effect of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizer on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthmous tinctorius) under low irrigation condition. Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 29(1): 269-284.
  14. Alizadeh, K., and Carapetian, J. 2006. Genetic variation in a safflower germ plasm grown in rainfall cold dry lands. Agronomy Journal 5: 50-52.
  15. Arsalan, B., and Cuplan, E. 2018. Identification of suitable safflower genotypes for the development of new cultivas with high seed yield, oil content and oil quality. Azarian Journal of Agricultural 5(5):133-141.
  16. Bonfim -Silva, E. M., Dourado, L. G. A., Soares, D. S., Santos, T. M., da Silva, T. J. A., and Fenner, W. 2017. Reactive natural phosphate in safflower fertilization in Cerrado Oxisol. Journal of Agricultural Science 11(15). 142-135.
  17. da Anicesio, E. C. A., Bonfim- Silva, E. M., da Silva, T. J. A., and Koetz, M. 2015. Dry mass, nutrient concentration and accumulation in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) influenced by nitrogen and potassium fertilizations. Australian Journal of Crop Science 9(6): 552-560.
  18. Devi, K. N., Singh, L. N. K., Devi, T. S., Devi, H. N., Singh, T. B., Singh, K. K., and Singh, W. M. 2012. Response of Soybean (Glycine max Merrill) to Sources and Levels of Phosphorus. Journal of Agricultural Science 4 (6): 44 - 53.
  19. Golzarfar, M., Shiranirad, A. H., Delkhosh, B., and Bitarafan, Z. 2012. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) response to different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rates in two planting seasons. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 99(2): 159-166.
  20. Haghighati Malek, A., Ferri, F. 2014. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on safflower yield in dry lands condition. International Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences 1(1): 2348-23.
  21. Heidari, M., Sobhkizi, A. R., Mahmoody, M., and Noori, M. 2014. Evaluation of phosphorus fertilizer and azospirllum on number of head, number of branch and plant height on safflower. International Journal of Biosciences 5(1): 455-460.
  22. Hunter, P. J., Teakle, G. R., and Bending, G. D. 2014. Root traits and microbial community interaction on relation availability and acquisition, with particular reference to Brassica. Frontiers in Plant Science 5: 1- 18.
  23. da Silva, C., da Silva, A. C., Zoz, T., Victor. B.Toppa, E., Silva, P. B., and Zanotto, M. D. 2015. Genetic divergence among accessions of Carthamus tinctorius L. by morphoagronomic traits. African Journal of Agricultural Research 10 (25):4825-4830.
  24. Killi, F., Kanar, Y., and Tekeli, F. 2016. Evaluation of seed and oil yield with some yield components of safflower varieties in Kahraman maras (Turkey) conditions. International Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Research 2(7):136-140.
  25. Lopez-Bellido, L., and Fuentes, M. 1986. Lupin crop as an alternative source of protein. Advances in Agronomy 40: 239-290.
  26. Mündel, H. H. and L. R. Centre .2004. Safflower production on the Canadian prairies: revisited in 2004, Lethbridge, Alta.: Lethbridge Research Station, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
  27. Paludo, J. S., Bonfim-silva, E. M., Silva, T. J. A., Zanatto, M. D., Fenner, W., and Koetz, M. 2017. Reproductive components of safflower genotype submitted of bulk density levels in the Brazilian Cerrado. American Journal of Plant Science 8 (1): 2069-2082.
  28. Park, J. H., Bolan, N., Megharaj, M., and Naidu, R. 2011. Isolation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, and their potential for lead immobilization in soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials 185:829–36.
  29. Sofy, S.O., Hama, S. J., and Hamma-Umin, B. O. 2020. Influence of phosphorus fertilizer on yield and oil of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) varieties under rain fed condition. Applied of Ecology and Environmental Research 18(2): 3409-3418.
  30. Vafaie, A., Ebadi, A., Rastgou, B., and Moghadam, S. H. 2013. The effects of potassium and magnesium on yield and some physiological traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius ). International Journal of Agricultural and Crop Sciences 5 (17): 1895- 1900.
  31. Vanc C., Uhde-Stone C., and Allan D.L. 2003. Phosphorus acquisition and use: Critical adaptations by plants for securing a nonrenewable resource. New Phytologist 157: 423-447.
  32. Wei, Y., Zhao, Y., Fan, Y., Lu, Q., Li, M., and Wei, Q. 2017. Impact of phosphate solubilizing bacteria inoculation methods on phosphorus transformation and long-term utilization in composting. Bioresource Technology 241:134–41.
  33. Westerman R.L. 1990. Soil Testing and Plant Analysis. 3rd American Society of Agronomy and Soil0 Science of America, Madison, Wisconsin.
  34. Zhang H., Huang Y., Ye X., Shi L., and Xu F. 2009. Genotypic differences in phosphorus acquisition and the rhizosphere properties of Brassica napus in response to low phosphorus stress. Plant and Soil 320(1-2): 91-102.