Preparation and Evaluation of the Organo-Montmorillonite Clay Modified with Surfactants and Their Effects on Ammonia Production Process from Arginine in Soil

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

2 Professor, Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Abstract

Organo-clays, like organo-montmorillonite, have attracted interest in different sciences, due to their wide range of applications. In this study, three types of organo-montmorillonite clay were produced based on Cation Exchange Capacity (2 HMM, 1HMM, 0.5 HMM), using different amounts of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide surfactant. To analyze their properties, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) were employed and clays’ dispersive capability was investigated. Results of XRD showed that the basal spacing of the treated organo-clay increased. Results of FTIR spectra also illustrated that the newly identified bands in organo-montmorillonite were due to organic surfactants. SEM morphological study of clays depicted that although the montmorillonite clay was in agglomerative form, treating with organic surfactants altered it to the shorter layers with porous surfaces. Results of XRD indicated that treatment on organo-montmorillonite changes the surface properties from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, and this affects the absorbance of organic pollutants and enzymes. This study has an important role in preparing the cheap organo-clays, employing such additives to decrease the environmental pollutants and increase the biological activities of the soil, specifically to activate the soil enzymes. Effects of applying the organo-clay on L-arginine ammonification process were then determined. Experiments were carried out using a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement employing three clay types (montmorillonite, montmorillonite intercalated with hexa decyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, and the control) for five durations (1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days) with three replications. Results indicated that the highest ammonification of L-arginine, as an estimate of the soil microbial biomass, was in the soil samples that were treated with montmorillonite intercalated with hexa decyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HMM) surfactant. Results indicated that the change in the soil. Environment surrounding the enzymes with the organic surfactant increased activity and stability of enzymes in soil during the 21-day incubation period.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Ai, L., Zhou, Y., and Jiang, J. 2011. Removalofmethylene blue fromaqueoussolutionbymontmorillonite/CoFe2O4 composite whitmagneticseparation performance. Desalination. 266: 72-77.
  2. Akyuz, S., and Akyuz, T. 2003. FTIR spectroscopic investigations of surface and intercalated 2-aminopyrimidine adsorbed on sepiolite and montmorillonite from Anatolia. J. Mol. Struct. 651: 205-
  3. Alef, K., Beck, T., Zelles, L., and Kleiner, D. 1988. A comparison of method toestimate microbial biomass and N mineralization in agricultural and grassland soils.Biochem. 20: 561-565
  4. Alshabanat, M., and AL-Anazy, M. 2019. Effect of cationic-surfactant-modified Saudi bentonite on the thermal and flammability properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)-based nanocomposite films. Taibah. Univ. Sci. 13 (1): 360-369.
  5. An, N., Zhou, C.H., Zhuang, X.Y., Tong, D.S., and Yu, W.H. 2015. Immobilization of enzymes on clay minerals for biocatalysts and biosensors. Appl. Clay Sci. 114: 283-
  6. Anakli, D. 2019. Effects of the three types of surfactants on the structure of organo-modified bentonite.Eskişehir Technical University Journal of Science and Technology A- Appl. Sci. and Eng. 20: 30-35.
  7. Bashour, I.I., and Sayegh, A.H. 2007. Methods of analysis for soils of arid and semi-arid regions. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
  8. Bastida, F.Z.A., Hernandez, H., and Garcia, C. 2008. Past, present and future of soil quality indices: A biological perspective. Geoderma. 147: 159-171.
  9. Baybas, D., and Ulusoy, U. 2011. Polyacrylamide-aluminosilicate composites for thorium adsorption. Appl. Clay Sci. 51: 138-146.
  10. Fujimori, A., Arai, S., Soutome, Y., and Hashimoto, M. 2014. Improvement of thermal stability of enzyme via immobilization on LangmuirBlodgett films of organo-modified aluminosilicate with high coverage. Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 448: 45-
  11. Gatahi, D.M., Wanyika, H.N., MumoKavoo, A., Kihurani, A.W., and Ateka, E.M. 2016. Enhancement of bacterial wilt resistance and rhizosphere health in tomato using bionanocomposites. Int. J. Hortic. Sci. Technol. 3: 129-144.
  12. He, H., Ma, Y., Zhu, J., Yuan, P., and Qing, Y. 2010. Organoclays prepared from montmorillonites with different cation exchange capacity and surfactant configuration. Appl. Clay Sci. 48: 67-
  13. Hegedus, I., and Nagy, E. 2009. Improvement of chymotrypsin enzyme stability as single enzyme nanoparticles. Chem. Eng. Sci. 64: 1053-1060.
  14. Hund, K., Zelles, L., Scheunert, I., and Fort, F. 1988. A critical estimation of methods for measuring side effects of chemicals on microorganismsin soil. Chemosphere. 17: 1183-1188.
  15. Iliescu, R., Andronescu, E., Voicu, G., Ficai, A., and Covaliu, C.I. 2011. Hybrid materials based on montmorillonite and citostatic drugs Preparation and characterization. Appl. Clay Sci. 52: 62-68.
  16. Ishii, R., Nakatsuji, M., and Ooi, K. 2005. Preparation of highly porous silica nanocomposites from clay mineral: a new approach using pillaring method combined with selective. Micror. Mesopr. Mat. 79: 111-119.
  17. Johnatan, D., Castro-Castro, J.D., Macías-Quiroga, I.F., Sanabria-González, N.R. 2020. Adsorption of Cr (VI) in Aqueous Solution Using a Surfactant-Modified Bentonite. Sci. World J. Article ID 3628163, 9 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3628163.
  18. Kandeler, E., Poll, C., Frankenberger, W.T., and Tabatabai, M.A. 2011. Nitrogen Cycle Enzymes. In: Dick R.P., (ed.). Methods of soil enzymology, pp. 211-245. Soil Science Society of America. Madison.
  19. Killham, K. 1994. Soil Ecology. Cambridge University Press.
  20. Kim, J., Grate, J.W., and Wang, P. 2006. Nanostructures for enzyme stabilization. Chem. Eng. Sci. 61: 1017-1026.
  21. Koswojo, R., Utomo, R.P., Ju, Y.H., Ayucitra, A., Soetaredjo, F.E., Sunarso, J., and Ismadji, S. 2010. Acid green 25 removal from wastewater by organo-bentonite from Pacitan. Appl. clay sci. 48: 81-86.
  22. Koyuncu, H., Yildiz, N., Salgin, U., Koroglu, F., and Calimlt, A. 2011. Adsorption of o-m and p-nitrophenols onto organically modified bentonites. J. Hazard. Mater. 185, 1332-1339.
  23. Lagaly, G., and Dekany, I. (2005). Adsorption on hydrophobized surfaces: clusters and self organization. Adv.Colloid Interface Sci. 114:189-204.
  24. Li, S. and Wu, P. 2010. Characterization of sodium dodecyl sulfate modified iron pillared montmorillonite and its application for the removal of aqueous Cu (II) and Co (II). J. Hazard. Mater. 173: 62–70.
  25. Li, S., Wu, P., Li, H., Zhu, N., Li, P., Wu, J., Wang, X., and Dang, Z. 2010. Synthesis and characterization of organomontmorillonite supported iron nanoparticles (Zero-valent iron). Appl. Clay Sci. 45: 330-336.
  26. Lin, Q., and Brookes, B.C. 1999. Arginine ammonification as a method to estimate soil microbial biomass and microbial community structure. Soil Biol.Biochem. 31: 1985-1997.
  27. Ozturk, H., Pollet, E., Phalip, V., Guvenilir, Y., Averous, L. 2016. Nanoclays for Lipase Immobilization: Biocatalyst Characterization and Activity in Polyester Synthesis. Polym. J. 416: 1-17.
  28. Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., and Keeney, D.R. 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. American Society of Agronomy, In Soil Science Society of America, Madison Publisher, Wisconsin. USA.
  29. Paiva, L.B., Morales, A.R., and Diaz, F.R.V. 2008. Organoclays: Properties, preparation and applications. Appl. Clay Sci. 42: 8–24.
  30. Ruiz Hitzky, E., and Van, A. 2006. Clay Mineral and Organoclay Polymer Nanocomposite. In: Bergaya, F., Theng, B.K.G., and Lagaly, G. (eds.) Handbook of clay science. Developments of clay science. p. 583-621. Elsevier Science Ltd. Amesterdam.
  31. Sana, A., and Khizra, Y. 2018. Removal of Organic Pollutants by Using Surfactant Modified Bentonite. Chem. Soc. Pak. 40(3): 447-456.
  32. Santos, D.A., Viante, M.F., Pochapski, D.J., Downs, A.J., Almeida, C.A.P. 2018. Enhanced removal of p-nitrophenol from aqueous media by montmorillonite clay modified with a cationic surfactant. J. Hazard. Mater. 355(5): 136-144.
  33. Sinha Ray, S., and Okamoto, M. 2003. Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: a review from preparation to processing. Prog. Polym. Sci. 28: 1539-1641.
  34. Siripatrawan, U., and Harte, B.R. 2010. Physical properties and antioxidant activity of an active film from chitosan incorporated with green tea extract. Food Hydrocoll. 24: 770-775.
  35. Theng, B.K.G., Churchman, G.J., Gates, W.P., and Yuan, G. 2008. Organically Modified Clays for Pollutant Uptake and Environmental Protection. In: Huang, Q., Huang, P.M., and Violante, A. (eds.) Soil mineral microbe organic interactions: Theories and applications. p. 145–174. Springer Verlag. Berlin.
  36. Vougaris, D., and Petridis, D. 2002. Emulsifying effect of dimethyldioctadecylammoniumhectorita in polystyrene/poly (ethylmethacrylate) blends. Polym. 43: 2213–2218.
  37. Wicklein, B., Darder, M., Aranda, P., and Ruiz Hitzky, E. 2011. Phospholipid sepiolite biomimetic interfaces for the immobilization of enzymes. ACS Applied Materials Interfaces, 3: 4339-4348.
  38. Wright, A.L., Hons, F.M., and Matocha, J.E. 2005. Tillage impacts on microbial biomass and soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics of corn and cotton rotations. Appl. Soil Ecol. 29: 85-92.
  39. Zhang, Z., Zhang, J., Liao, L. and Xia, Z. 2013. Synergistic effect of cationic and anionic surfactant for the modification of Ca-montmorillonite. Mater. Res. Bull. 48: 1811-1816.
  40. Zhaohui, L., Bowman, R., and Jones, K. 1999. Enhanced reduction of chromate and pelletized surfactant modified zeolite/zerovalent iron. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33: 4326-4330.
  41. Zhou, Q., He, H.P., Zhu, J.X., Shen, W., Frost, R.L., and Yuan, P. 2008. Mechanism of p-nitrophenol adsorption from aqueous solution by HDTMA+-pillared montmorillonite implications for water purification. J. Hazard. Mater. 154: 1025–1032.
  42. Zhuang, G., Zhang, Z., Guo, J., Liao, L., and Zhao, J. 2015. A new ball milling method to produce organomontmorillonite from anionic and nonionic surfactants. Appl. Clay Sci. 104: 18-26.
  43. Zohra, B., Aicha, K., Fatima, S., Norredine, B., and Zoubir, D. 2008. Adsorption of direct red 2 on bentonite modified by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. J. Chem. Eng. 136: 295-305.
Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Volume 37, Issue 1
June 2023
Pages 81-94

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics