The Effects of Integrated Optimal Nutrition on the Yield and Fruit Quality of Olive Trees in Southern Kerman Province

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 SCIENTIFIC BOARD, SOIL AND WATER RESEARCH DEPARTMENT, SOUTH KERMAN AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER , AREEO, JIROFT, IRAN

2 Faculty Members of Soil and Water Research Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran.

3 Master of Science, Soil and Water Research Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Jiroft, Iran

10.22092/ijsr.2025.367639.765

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of optimal nutrition on the yield and fruit quality of olive trees in the Jabal Barez highlands, southern Iran, over two growing seasons. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three treatments: control (T1), macro-nutrients fertilizers combined with decomposed manure (T2), and treatment 2 with added micronutrients (T3). Traits such as yield, fruit characteristics, and nutrient concentrations in olive leaves were assessed. The results showed that olive yield increased by 50.7% in the first and 72.5% in the second year under T3 compared to T1, indicating the significant role of integrated optimal nutrition in enhancing productivity. Additionally, T3-treated trees demonstrated substantial improvements in fruit size, weight, and concentrations of the major nutrients, including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Micronutrient uptakes, particularly iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) were also significantly higher in T3-treated trees. Analyses revealed that the combination of chemical and organic fertilizers with micronutrients had a remarkable positive impact on overall olive productivity and fruit growth. Environmental factors, including rainfall variability and fertilizer residual effects between the two years, influenced the treatment impacts, with a stronger response observed in the second year. These findings underscore the importance of integrated nutrient management (INM) — incorporating organic and chemical fertilizers along with micronutrients — to improve fruit yield and quality. This study provides valuable insights for developing sustainable fertilization strategies for olive orchards in semi-arid regions, promoting the long-term productivity and soil health.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. رمضانی, صدراله, شکافنده, اختر. (1391). 'اثرات روی و پتاسیم بر رشد و گوشت میوه زیتون (Olea europaea L.)', Iran Agricultural Research, 30(1.2), pp. 1-10. doi: 10.22099/iar.2012.489

 

  1. روحی ویشکائی, زهره, سلیمانی, علی, قاسم نژاد, محمود, حسنی, اکبر. (1403). 'تأثیر کاربرد برگی منابع مختلف کودی نانو کلات ( نیتروژن و پتاسیم) و کودهای شیمیایی (اوره و نیترات پتاسیم) بر عملکرد و خواص کیفی روغن زیتون رقم ̓ زرد̒', علوم باغبانی, 38(1), pp. 147-164. doi: 10.22067/jhs.2023.81601.1246
  2. زارعی, عبدالکریم, عرفانی مقدم, جواد, هاشمی, سمیه, شیرمردی, عباس. (1402). 'اثر محلول‌پاشی برگی نانوذرات سیلیسیم و پتاسیم بر ترکیب اسیدهای چرب روغن زیتون رقم زرد', نهال و بذر, 39(4), pp. 619-597. doi: 10.22092/spj.2024.366669.1375
  3. عباس زاده, بهلول, اسدی صنم, سمانه, لایق حقیقی, معصومه. (1398). تغییرات ویژگیهای مورفوفیزیولوژیک و ترکیبات فنلی برگ زیتون (.L europaea Olea ( با کاربرد خاکی کودهای شیمیایی و آلی ', پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی, 26(3), pp. 179-198. doi: 10.22069/jopp.2019.15532.2395

 

  1. Abd-Elall, E. H., 2018. Effect of macro nutrients and Nano-boron foliar application on vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of Manzanillo olive. Alexandria Science Exchange Journal, 39(July-September),394-400. https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2018.9957
  2. Abdel-Nasser, G. and Harhash, M., 2001. Studies on some plant growing Media for olive cultivation in sandy soils under Siwa Oasis Conditions'. Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Research, 6,487-510.
  3. Alcántara, E., Cordeiro, A. M. and Barranco, D., 2003. Selection of olive varieties for tolerance to iron chlorosis. Journal of Plant Physiology, 160(12),1467-1472. https://doi.org/10.1078/0176-1617-01013
  4. Allison, L. and Richards, L., 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils, Soil and Water Conservative Research Branch, Agricultural Research Service.
  5. Amanullah, J. and Stewart, B. A., 2013. Dry matter partitioning, growth analysis and water use efficiency response of oats (avena sativa l.) to excessive nitrogen and phosphorus application. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 15,479-489.
  6. Bai, Y.-C., Chang, Y.-Y., Hussain, M., Lu, B., Zhang, J.-P., Song, X.-B., Lei, X.-S. and Pei, D., 2020. Soil Chemical and Microbiological Properties Are Changed by Long-Term Chemical Fertilizers That Limit Ecosystem Functioning. Microorganisms, 8(5),694. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050694
  7. Carvalho, R. P., Moreira, R. A., Cruz, M. C. M., Fernandes, D. R. and Oliveira, A. F., 201 Organomineral fertilization on the chemical characteristics of Quartzarenic Neosol cultivated with olive tree. Scientia Horticulturae, 176, pp.120-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.07.006
  8. Chapman, H. D. and Pratt, P. F., 1962. Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters.
  9. Chatzistathis, T., Papadakis, I. E., Papaioannou, A., Chatzissavvidis, C. and Giannakoula, A., 2020. Comparative study effects between manure application and a controlled-release fertilizer on the growth, nutrient uptake, photosystem II activity and photosynthetic rate of Olea europaea L. (cv. ‘Koroneiki’). Scientia Horticulturae, 264,109176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109176
  10. Dabbaghi, O., Tekaya, M., M'barki, N., Ali, S., Oden, S., Mezghani, M., Attai, , Labidi, F., Prinsen, E., Hammami, M. and Mechri, B., 2018. Effect of foliar bio-fertilization on growth and biochemical parameters of olive trees at flowering. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 41(18), pp.2281–2297. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2018.1500592
  11. El-Fouly, M., Shaaban, S. and El-Sayed, A., 2008. Evaluation of seasonal nutrient status in the leaves of different olive varieties grown on calcareous soils. Journal of Applied Horticulture, 10(1),59-62. https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2008.v10i01.12
  12. Elbadawy, N., Hegazi, E., Yehia, T., Abourayya, M. and Mahmoud, T., 2016. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield, Fruit Quality and Oil Content in Manzanillo Olive Trees. Journal of Arid Land Studies, 26(3),175-177. https://doi.org/10.14976/jals.26.3_175
  13. Erel, R., Yermiyahu, U., Yasuor, H., Cohen Chamus, D., Schwartz, A., Ben-Gal, A. and Dag, A., 2016. Phosphorous Nutritional Level, Carbohydrate Reserves and Flower Quality in Olives. PLOS ONE, 11(12),e0167591. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167591
  14. Fernandez-Escobar, , Sÿnchez-Zamora, M., Uceda, M. and Beltran, G. The effect of nitrogen overfertilization on olive tree growth and oil quality. IV International Symposium on Olive Growing 586, 2002. 429-431.
  15. Fernández-Hernández, A., Roig, A., Serramiá, N., Civantos, C. -O. and Sánchez-Monedero, M. A., 2014. Application of compost of two-phase olive mill waste on olive grove: Effects on soil, olive fruit and olive oil quality. Waste Management, 34(7), pp.1139-1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.03.027
  16. Ganesan, , 2024. Biotic farming using organic fertilizer for sustainable agriculture. Physical Sciences Reviews, 9(1), pp.201-209. https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0174
  17. Gee, G. W. and Bauder, J. W., 1986. Particle-size Analysis. Methods of Soil Analysis.
  18. Goss, J., Tubeileh, A. and Goorahoo, D., 2013. Chapter Five - A Review of the Use of Organic Amendments and the Risk to Human Health. In: SPARKS, D. L. (ed.) Advances in Agronomy. Academic Press.
  19. Haberman, A., Dag, A., Shtern, N., Zipori, I., Erel, R., Ben-Gal, A. and Yermiyahu, U., 2019. Long-Term Impact of Potassium Fertilization on Soil and Productivity in Intensive Olive Cultivation. Agronomy, 9(9),525. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090525
  20. Hadawi, I., Safari, M. and Arji, I., 2021. Effects of Different Organic Manures and Chemical Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Component of Olive (Olea europaea L.,) cv Zard In Kermanshah Province 2. 1,61-70. https://doi.org/10.22126/ATIC.2021.6514.1013
  21. Hosseini-Mazinani, M., Mariotti, R., Torkzaban, B., Sheikh-Hassani, M., Ataei, S., Cultrera, N. G. M., Pandolfi, S. and Baldoni, L., 2014. High Genetic Diversity Detected in Olives beyond the Boundaries of the Mediterranean Sea. PLoS ONE, 9(4),e93146. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093146
  22. Isa, A., Mansour, S. and Ibrahim, H., 2021. Effects of Different Organic Manures and Chemical Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Component of Olive (Olea europaea L.,) cv Zard In Kermanshah Province. Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops, 1(2),61-70. https://doi.org/10.22126/atic.2021.6514.1013
  23. Jukić Špika, M., Romić, D., Žanetić, M., Zovko, M., Klepo, T., Strikić, F. and Perica, S., 2022. Irrigation of Young Olives Grown on Reclaimed Karst Soil Increases Fruit Size, Weight and Oil Yield and Balances the Sensory Oil Profile. Foods, 11(18),2923. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11182923
  24. Kotsias, D., Kavvadias, V. and Pappas, C., 2024. Response of Olive Trees (Olea europaea L.) cv. Kalinioti to Nitrogen Fertilizer Application. Physiologia, 4(1),43-53. https://doi.org/10.3390/physiologia4010002
  25. Kumar, A. V. R., Kumar, N. and Kavino, M., 2006. Role of Potassium in Fruit Crops - A Review. Agricultural Reviews, 27,284-291.
  26. Lakner, S., Brenes-Muñoz, T. and Brümmer, B., 2016. What Influences the Growth of Organic Farms? Evidence from a Panel of Organic Farms in Germany. German Journal of Agricultural Economics (Online), 65,1-15. https://doi.org/10.52825/gjae.v65i1.2010
  27. Liu, D., 2021. Root developmental responses to phosphorus nutrition. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 63(6),1065-1090. https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13090
  28. Mazeh, M., Almadi, L., Paoletti, A., Cinosi, N., Daher, E., Tucci, M., Lodolini, E. M., Rosati, A. and Famiani, F., 2021. Use of an Organic Fertilizer Also Having a Biostimulant Action to Promote the Growth of Young Olive Trees. Agriculture, 11(7), pp.593. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070593
  29. Mousavi Dehmordy, Z., Gholami, M., and Baninasab, B., 2022. Effect of Vermicompost Fertilizer on Some Physiological Factors and Mineral Elements Absorption of Olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Zard) Under Drought Stress Condition. Journal of Crop Production and Processing 12(3), pp.67-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47176/jcpp.12.3.32981
  30. Nelson, D. A. and Sommers, L. E., 1983. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Methods of soil analysis: Part 2 chemical and microbiological properties.
  31. Peters, J., Combs, S., Hoskins, B., Jarman, J., Kovar, J., Watson, M., Wolf, A. and Wolf, N., 2003. Recommended methods of manure analysis. University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension Publishing: Madison, WI.
  32. Roussos, P. A., Gasparatos, D., Kechrologou, K., Katsenos, P. and Bouchagier, P., 2017. Impact of organic fertilization on soil properties, plant physiology and yield in two newly planted olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars under Mediterranean conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 220,11-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.03.019
  33. Seiffert, S., Kaselowsky, J., Jungk, A. and Claassen, N., 1995. Observed and Calculated Potassium Uptake by Maize as Affected by Soil Water Content and Bulk Density. Agronomy Journal, 87(6),1070-1077. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1995.00021962008700060007x
  34. Shaji, H., Chandran, V. and Mathew, L., 2021. Chapter 13 - Organic fertilizers as a route to controlled release of nutrients. In: LEWU, F. B., VOLOVA, T., THOMAS, S. & K.R, R. (eds.) Controlled Release Fertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. Academic Press.
  35. Silva, E., Gonçalves, , Martins, S., Brito, C., Ferreira, H., Ferreira, L. M. M., Moutinho-Pereira, J., Rodrigues, M. Â. and Correia, C. M., 2023. Olive Yield and Physicochemical Properties of Olives and Oil in Response to Nutrient Application under Rainfed Conditions. Molecules, 28(2), pp.831. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020831
  36. Sparks, D., Page, A., Helmke, P., Loeppert, R., Soltanpour, P., Tabatabai, M., Johnston, C. and Summer, M., 1996. Methods of soil analysis, parts 2 and 3 chemical analysis. Soil Science Society of America Inc., Madison,1390. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.3
  37. Taaime, N., El Mejahed, K., Oukarroum, A., Choukr-Allah, R., Pittelkow, C., Bouabid, R. and Gharous, M. E., 2024. Residual Effects of Compost and Manure Fertilizers on Quinoa Production and Nutrient Uptake. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 24(3),4338-4348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-024-01838-2
  38. Xia, G., Cheng, L., Lakso, A. and Goffinet, M., 2009. Effects of Nitrogen Supply on Source-sink Balance and Fruit Size of ‘Gala’ Apple Trees. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 134(1),126-133. https://doi.org/10.21273/jashs.134.1.126
  39. Xu, X., Du, X., Wang, F., Sha, J., Chen, Q., Tian, G., Zhu, Z., Ge, S. and Jiang, Y., 2020. Effects of Potassium Levels on Plant Growth, Accumulation and Distribution of Carbon, and Nitrate Metabolism in Apple Dwarf Rootstock Seedlings. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11,904. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00904
  40. Zipori, I., Erel, R., Yermiyahu, U., Ben-Gal, A. and Dag, A., 2020. Sustainable management of olive orchard nutrition: A review. Agriculture, 10(1),11. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10010011

 

Iranian Journal of Soil Research
Volume 38, Issue 4
March 2025
Pages 345-363

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics