اثر روش‌های مختلف کوددهی بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی میوه‌ی کیوی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رامسر، ایران

2 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رامسر، ایران

3 محقق مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رامسر، ایران

چکیده

کوددهی یکی از فاکتورهای اصلی مؤثر بر عملکرد و کیفیت میوه­ی درخت کیوی است. اطلاعات کمی در مورد اثر روش‏های کوددهی بر ویژگی­های کمی و کیفی میوه کیوی وجود دارد. بنابراین تحقیق حاضر با هدف مقایسه روش­های مختلف کوددهی شامل پخش سطحی (شاهد)، چالکود و کودآبیاری به تنهایی یا در ترکیب با محلول­پاشی بر عملکرد، برخی ویژگی­های کیفی و غلظت عناصر غذایی در میوه­ی کیوی در باغ کیوی از موسسه تحقیقات مرکبات کشور-رامسر اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد اثر روش کوددهی بر عملکرد و وزن تک­میوه معنادار بوده و بیشترین مقدار این ویژگی­ها در روش کوددهی کودآبیاری+محلول­پاشی مشاهده گردید. علاوه براین، با کاربرد محلول­پاشی در همه تیمارهای مورد مطالعه مقدار عملکرد هر درخت به‏طور متوسط افزایش 157 درصدی نشان داد. مقدار سفتی و مواد جامد محلول با کابرد محلول­پاشی در همه تیمارهای کوددهی با استثنا پخش سطحی به­ترتیب کاهش و افزایش نشان دادند. نتایج بررسی غلظت عناصر معدنی در بافت میوه کیوی نشان داد که اثر روش کوددهی و نیز اثر محلول­پاشی بر غلظت پتاسیم، کلسیم و نیتروژن در میوه کیوی معنادار بود. علاوه براین، صرف­نظر از روش کوددهی، غلظت عناصر غذایی در میوه کیوی به­ترتیب پتاسیم > نیتروژن > کلسیم کاهش یافت. هم­چنین، نتایج همبستگی نشان داد که مقدار سفتی میوه کیوی در زمان برداشت همبستگی معناداری با کلسیم و همبستگی منفی معناداری با نسبت­های پتاسیم به کلسیم، نیتروژن به کلسیم و (پتاسیم+نیتروژن) به کلسیم داشت. مازادبراین، مقدار مواد جامد محلول در میوه­ی کیوی همبستگی معناداری با نیتروژن و پتاسیم داشت. به­طورکلی با توجه به مجهز بودن تمام باغ­های کیوی شمال کشور به سیستم آبیاری تحت­فشار، روش کوددهی کودآبیاری+محلول­پاشی می­تواند در زمان و هزینه­ها صرفه­جویی کرده و نیز منجر به افزایش عملکرد و بهبود ویژگی­های کیفی میوه در زمان برداشت گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Fertilization Methods on Yield and Quality of Kiwifruit

نویسندگان [English]

  • B. Moradi 1
  • T. Raiesi 2
  • S. Shahnazari 3
چکیده [English]

Fertilization is one of the main factors affecting yield and quality of kiwifruit. There is little information on fertilization methods effect on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of kiwifruit. Therefore, this research was conducted with the objective of evaluating different fertilization methods -including broadcast application (as control), drill hole fertilization, and fertigation alone or in combination with foliar application- on yield and nutrient content in kiwifruit, at Iran Citrus Research Institute of Ramsar. Results showed that fertilization methods had a significant effect on yield and fruit weight, and the highest amounts were observed in fertigation combined with foliar application. Furthermore, foliar application increased tree yield 157 percent at all treatments. Firmness and total dissolved solid (TSS) decreased by foliar application at all treatments, except for the broadcast that caused an increase. Mineral concentration in fruit was significantly affected by  the fertilization methods e.g., foliar application had significant effect on the concentration of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and nitrogen (N). In addition, the mineral concentration in fruit decreased in the order of K> N> Ca, regardless of fertilization method. The correlation results showed that fruit firmness had significant relation with Ca and negative relations with K/Ca, N/Ca, and (K+N)/Ca. In addition, TSS showed significant regressions with K and N. Since all kiwifruit orchards in the North of Iran are equipped with micro jet irrigation system, fertigation and foliar application not only can save time and money but can also cause an increase in yield and improve fruit quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drill hole fertilization
  • Broadcast application
  • Fertigation
  • Foliar application
  • Nutrition
  • Pellet

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 30، شماره 3
آذر 1395
صفحه 237-248

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