توزیع شکل های فسفر در خاک های جنگلی کلاردشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه مهندسی علوم خاک،دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

فسفر از عناصر اصلی مورد نیاز گیاه می­باشد که به شکل­های مختلف شیمیایی و بیوشیمیایی در خاک دیده می­شود، به همین دلیل فسفر مستعد اثرپذیری از فرآیندها و شرایط خاکسازی می­باشد. در این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر فرآیندهای خاکسازی بر توزیع شکل­های فسفر و قابلیت فراهمی آن 8 نیمرخ خاک در اراضی تحت پوشش جنگلی منطقه کلاردشت حفر و مطالعه گردید. فسفر فراهم (Pav)، فسفر کل (TP)، فسفر آلی (OP)، فسفر معدنی (MP) به­اضافه 8 شکل مختلف فسفر معدنی در افق‌های ژنتیکی خاک اندازه­گیری شد و همبستگی این شکل­ها با یکدیگر و نیز پارامترهای فیزیکوشیمیایی در نیمرخ­های خاک بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد فرآیندهای خاکسازی اثرات قابل توجهی بر توزیع شکل­های مختلف فسفر دارند. فسفات­های آهن (Fe-P) و آلومینیوم (Al-P) همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری با  فسفر قابل استخراج با اگزالات آمونیوم (Pox) داشتند که ممکن است نمایانگر استخراج فسفر هم‌رسوبی شده با اکسیدهای آهن و آلومینیوم دارای تبلور ضعیف (از طریق انحلال) و یا فسفر جذب شده توسط این اکسیدها (از طریق تبادل لیگاند و آنیونی) باشد. این شکل­های با تبلور پایین و همچنین اکتا کلسیم فسفات (Ca8-P) و فسفر محبوس (Oc-P)، همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری را با درصد رس نشان دادند که اتصال این ترکیبات به ذرات رس در طی واکنش­های شیمیایی مختلف و انتقال همزمان (co-migration) این ترکیبات و ذرات رس در طی فرآیند انتقال مکانیکی ذرات ریز  (lessivage) و شستشو و رسوب مجدد (eluviation-illuvation) را محتمل می­سازد. فسفر معدنی لبایل (LPi) و نسبتاً لبایل (MLPi) همبستگی معنی­داری با فسفر قابل دسترس نداشتند اما فرم آپاتیت همبستگی معنی­داری با فسفر قابل دسترس داشت که می­تواند در اثر تخلیه فسفر توسط گیاهان، میکروارگانیسم­ها از افق‌های سطحی خاک و علاوه بر آن انتقال عناصر به قسمت­های پایین­تر نیمرخ خاک باشد که در نتیجۀ آن از منابع مقاومی مثل آپاتیت برای تامین فسفر استفاده می­شود. این در حالی است که بیشترین همبستگی بین فسفر قابل دسترس، فسفر آلی و کربن آلی مشاهده شد که به همین دلیل فرآیند اضافه شدن بقایای گیاهی و چرخه جذب-بازگشت فسفر توسط گیاه (littering) و هوموسی شدن و فرآیندهای جانبی آن مهم‌ترین فرآیند موثر بر فسفر قابل جذب (Pav) تلقی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Distribution of Phosphorus forms in the Kelardasht Forest Soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. J. Mohebbi 1
  • A. Heidari 2
1 Ph.D. Student, Soil Science Department, University of Tehran
2 Professor, Soil Science Department, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Phosphorus is an essential element for plant that appears in different chemical and biochemical forms in soil, therefore, it is susceptible to effects by pedogenic processes. In order to investigate effect of pedogenic processes on P forms and their distribution, 8 soil profiles were studied in forest land of Kelardasht. Available P (Pav), total P (TP), organic P (OP), mineral P (MP) and 8 mineral P forms were determined in the genetic horizons and the correlation of these forms with each other and also the physicochemical soil parameters were investigated. The results showed that pedogenic process significantly affected distribution of different P forms. Fe-P and Al-P showed significant positive correlation with Pox, which could indicate simultaneous extraction of poorly crystalline Fe-Al oxide (by dissolution) or adsorbed/absorbed P by Al-Fe oxides (anion and ligand exchange). These poorly crystalline forms, octa-calcium phosphate (Ca8-P) and occluded P (Oc-P) correlate positively and significantly with clay content that enhance possibility of these components linkage with clay particles during different chemical reaction and co-migration of P and clay by lessivage and eluviation-illuviation process. Labile mineral P (LPi) and moderately labile mineral P (MLPi) did not show significant correlation with Pav, whereas apatite significantly and positively correlated with Pav. Removal of P from surface horizons can explain this result. Nevertheless, the highest correlation was between Pav, OP, and organic carbon (OC). According to this result, littering and humification may be considered as the most important processes that can influence P availability.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mineral phosphorus
  • Pedogenic process
  • Genetic horizons

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 31، شماره 2
شهریور 1396
صفحه 231-245

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