تأثیر روش‌های تلفیقی کود دهی بر غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و خواص زیستی خاک و صفات کلزا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سنندج

2 استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر روش‌های مختلف کود‌دهی و تناوب زراعی بر خواص شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک و عملکرد دانه رقم طلایه کلزا، آزمایشی طی سه سال‌ زراعی 86 تا 89 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گریزه سنندج انجام گردید. آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. سه تناوب زراعی مختلف شامل نخود، آفتابگردان، گندم، کلزا (R1)؛ کود سبز، نخود، کود سبز، گندم، کود سبز، کلزا (R2) و کلزا، گندم، کلزا (R3) به عنوان عامل اصلی در نظر گرفته شدند. شش روش تأمین کود پایه شامل کود دامی (N1)، کمپوست (N2)، کود شیمیایی شامل اوره، سوپر فسفات تریپل و فسفات آمونیوم (N3)، کمپوست + کود دامی (N4)، کمپوست + کود دامی + کود شیمیایی (N5) و تیمار شاهد (N6) به عنوان سطوح عامل فرعی تعیین شدند. نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد که کاربرد همزمان کود دامی، کمپوست و کود شیمیایی، میزان عناصر معدنی خاک را افزایش می‌دهد.کاربرد کود سبز خانواده بقولات در تناوب R2 به طور معنی‌داری باعث افزایش نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم خاک، تعداد باکتری و کربن بیوماس میکروبی و همچنین فعالیت دهیدروژناز و پروتئاز نسبت به دو تناوب دیگر گردید. بیشترین تعداد باکتری و بیوماس جامعه میکروبی در تیمار کاربرد کود دامی و کمپوست به دست آمد. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم‌های فسفاتاز، پروتئاز، اوره‌آز و دهیدروژناز در تیمار N4 حاصل شد. بیشترین فعالیت اوره‌آز (6/48 میکرو گرم اوره در گرم خاک خشک) در تیمار کاربرد کود‌های آلی در تناوب حاوی کود سبز مشاهده گردید. بیشترین عملکرد دانه نیز در تیمارهای تناوب حاوی کود سبز و کاربرد تلفیقی کود‌ها مشاهده گردید. در نهایت تیمار R2N4 به عنوان تیمار برتر آزمایش معرفی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Integrated Methods of Fertilization on Soil Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Biological Properties, and Canola Traits

نویسندگان [English]

  • K. Mohammadi 1
  • Y. Sohrabi 2
1 Assistant professor, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Sanandaj Branch
2 Assistant professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effects of crop rotation and different systems of fertilization on soil chemical and biological properties and grain yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) Talayeh cultivar, an experiment was conducted at experimental farm of Agricultural Research Center of Sanandaj during 2007 - 2010 growing seasons. Experimental design was arranged in split plots based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Main plots contained three crop rotations including (R1): chickpea, sunflower, wheat, canola; (R2): green manure, chickpea, green manure, wheat, green manure, canola; (R3): canola, wheat, canola. Sub plots were allocated to five strategies for provision of the basal fertilizers requirement and included (N1): farm yard manure; (N2): compost; (N3): chemical fertilizers (Urea, triple super phosphate and ammonium phosphate); (N4): farmyard manure + compost and (N5): farmyard manure + compost + chemical fertilizers; and control (N6). Results showed that simultaneous application of manure, compost and chemical fertilizers increased soil mineral elements (N, P, and K). Application of legume green manure in R2 rotation effectively increased nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of soil, number of bacteria, microbial carbon biomass, and also dehydrogenase and protease enzymes activity in comparison with the other rotations. The greatest number and biomass of microbial community was observed in the N4 treatment (farmyard manure + compost). The highest enzyme activity (phosphatase, protease, urease and dehydrogenase) occurred in N4 treatment. The lowest activity of dehydrogenase and protease was achieved from the R3 treatment. Green-manure crop rotation (R2) increased activity of these enzymes significantly. Most urease activity (48.6 µg urea g-1dry soil) was achieved in the R2N4 treatment. The highest grain yield was observed in R2 and N5 treatments. The R2N4 treatment was selected as the best treatment in this experiment.

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 28، شماره 1
شهریور 1393
صفحه 27-38

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