اثرات بلندمدت بیوچار حاصل از برگ خرما بر تخلخل و پایداری ساختمان خاک لوم رسی شنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 استادیار گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

3 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

بیوچار در خاک روشی جایگزین برای افزایش کربن خاک است و در طولانی‌مدت، سبب بهبود ویژگی­های فیزیکی خاک می­شود. این پژوهش باهدف بررسی تأثیر طولانی­مدت بیوچار حاصل از برگ خرما بر انواع تخلخل خاک (تهویه‌ای، موئین و کل) و پایداری ساختمان خاک لوم رسی شنی انجام شد. آزمایش­ به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو عامل شامل مقدار بیوچار برگ خرما در چهار سطح (صفرB0، 5/0%=B0.5، %1=B1و 2%=B2وزنی)و دیگری مدت زمان پس از کاربرد بیوچار در چهار سطح (یکT1، سهT3، شش T6و نه ماه T9) با سه تکرار به‌صورت گلدانی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد اثر بیوچار برگ خرما بر تخلخل تهویه­ای و مویین در سطح یک درصد معنی­دار شد. همچنین، اثر مدت زمان پس از کاربرد بیوچار بر جرم مخصوص ظاهری و تخلخل کل خاک در سطح یک درصد معنی­دار بود. اثر مقدار بیوچار، مدت زمان پس از کاربرد بیوچار و اثرات متقابل مقدار و مدت زمان پس از کاربرد بیوچار بر میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه­ها نیز در سطح یک درصد معنی­دار شد.با افزودن بیوچار، بالاترین میزان افزایش ویژگی‌های موردبررسی نسبت به شاهد (B0T1) در مورد جرم مخصوص ظاهری، تیمار B2T6 (7/14%)، تخلخل کلB2T1 (4/5%)، تخلخل مویین B2 (3/64%)، میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه به روش الک خشک B1T9 (28%) و میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه به روش الک تر B2T1 (2/63%) بود.نتایج بیانگر آن بود که بیشترین اثر بیوچار بر جرم مخصوص ظاهری، تخلخل کل، تخلخل مویین و میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه­ها به روش الک تر، در ماه اول و بر میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه­ها به روش الک خشک در ماه نهم بوده است و گذشت زمان اثر معنی­داری بر تغییرات تخلخل تهویه­ای نداشت. در مجموع می­توان گفت کهبیوچار با داشتن تخلخل و مقدار کربن آلی قابل‌توجه، سبب بهبود تخلخل و پایداری ساختمان خاک شده است. لذا می­توان از بیوچار برای بهبود ساختمان خاک­های تخریب یافته و ضعیف استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Long-Term Effects of Palm Leaf Biochar on the Porosity and Structure Stability of a Sandy Clay Loam Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Pariya Nasimi 1
  • Ahmad Karimi 2
  • Zahra Gerami 3
1 MSc., Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord, Iran
2 AcaAssistant Professor., Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord, Irandemic staff of Shahrkord university
3 PhD Candidate, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord, Iran
چکیده [English]

Biochar in soil is an alternative way to increase soil carbon in the long term and improves soil physical properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of palm leaf biochar on different types of soil porosity (air filled, capillary, and total) and structure stability of a sandy clay loam soil. A factorial experiment was performed in pots using a completely randomized design with two factors including the amount of biochar of date leaves at four levels (control=B0, B0.5=0.5%, B1=1%, and B2=2% by weight) and the time after application of biochar at four levels (T1 =one, T3 =3, T6 =6, and T9 =9 months ), with three replications.The results showed that the effect of palm leaf biocharon air-filled and capillary porosity was significant. Also, the effect of time after biochar application on bulk density and porosity was significant.The effect of biochar amount, time after biochar application, and their interaction effects on mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates were significant. The highest percentage of increases in treatments compared to the control (B0T1) belonged to B2T6 in bulk density (14.7%), total porosity in B2T1 (5.4%), capillary porosity in B2 (64.3%), MWD of aggregates by dry sieve method in B1T9 (28%), and MWD of aggregates by wet sieve method in B2T1 (63.2%). The results showed that the highest effect of biochar on bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, and MWD of aggregates by wet sieve method was in the first month, and on MWD of aggregates by dry sieve method was in the ninth month, while the effect of time on changes in air filled porosity was not significant.Overall, biochar with significant porosity and carbon content improved the porosity and soil structure stability in this study. Therefore, biochar can be used to improve structure of degraded and weak soils.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Air filled porosity
  • Capillary porosity
  • Bulk density
  • Mean weight diameter of aggregates

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 34، شماره 2
شهریور 1399
صفحه 199-214

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