کارایی جذب و مصرف فسفر در نهال‌های گلدانی پرتقال تامسون با سه پایه در دو خاک متفاوت از استان مازندران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رامسر

2 مربی مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رامسر

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی کارایی جذب و مصرف داخلی فسفر توسط پرتقال تامسون (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck.) پیوند شده بر سه پایه مرکبات در دو خاک اجرا شد. بدین‏منظور یک آزمایش گلدانی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سه پایه مرکبات (سیتروملو، سیترنج و نارنج)، دو سطح فسفر (صفر و 100 میلی‏گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک) و دو خاک با درصد آهک مختلف (درصد آهک در خاک‏های "یک" و "دو" به‏ترتیب 16% و 3/2 % ) بودند. 18 ماه پس از کاشت نهال‏ها، گیاهان برداشت شدند و وزن خشک و نیز تجمع فسفر در بخش­های مختلف نهال اندازه­گیری شد. سپس، شاخص جذب و انتقال فسفر و نیز شاخص کارایی مصرف داخلی فسفر محاسبه شد. بررسی نتایج نشان داد که با کاربرد فسفر وزن خشک شاخسار سه پایه سیتروملو، سیترنج و نارنج در هر دو خاک مطالعه شده افزایش معنادار (05/0>P) یافت. بیشترین افزایش وزن خشک شاخساره به دنبال کاربرد کود فسفر در خاک "یک" برای پایه نارنج (74%) و در خاک "دو" برای پایه سیتروملو (49 %) به دست آمد. در شرایط عدم کاربرد فسفر، کارایی جذب و انتقال فسفر درپایه نارنج در خاک "یک" و در پایه‏های نارنج و سیترنج در خاک "دو " نسبت به سایر پایه‏ها برتری داشت. در شرایط کاربرد فسفر نیز، شاخص کارایی مصرف داخلی فسفر  در پایه نارنج در خاک یک و در خاک دو درپایه‏های سیترنج و نارنج بر سایر پایه‏های مورد مطالعه برتری داشت.  نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که انتخاب پایه کارا در جذب فسفر برای پرتقال به شرایط خاک وابسته بوده و مکان ویژه می‏باشد. بنابراین، به­منظور بهبود رشد نهال‌های گلدانی مرکبات در مناطق مطالعه شده از استان مازندران توصیه می‏شود یا از پایه کارای مناسب در جذب فسفر در این مناطق استفاده گردد و یا اگر به دلیل محدودیت‏های خاکی و اقلیمی امکان استفاده از پایه کارا وجود ندارد،  کود فسفر بر اساس فسفر قابل استفاده موجود در خاک مصرف شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Phosphorus Acquisition and Utilization Efficiency in Thomson Navel Orange Grafted on Three Rootstocks in Two Different Soils from Mazandaran Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • T. Raiesi 1
  • B. Moradi 2
1 Assistant Professor in Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research and Education Organization (AREO), Ramsar
2 Instructor in Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research and Education Organization (AREO), Ramsar
چکیده [English]

The objectives of this study were to evaluate P acquisition efficiency (PAE) and internal phosphorus (P) utilization efficiency (PUE) in Thomson Navel Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck.) grafted on three rootstocks in two soils. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design using factorial arrangement in three replications. Treatments consisted of two levels of P (0, 100 mg/kg) and three rootstocks of citrus (sour orange, Swingle citrumelo, and Troyer citrange) and two soil types with different percentage of CaCO3. (CaCO3% in soil “1” and “2” were 16% and 2.3 %, respectively). Eighteen months after planting seedlings in pots, plants were harvested and plant indices including dry weight and P uptake were measured. In addition, PAE and PUE were determined. The results of this study showed that shoot dry weight of Thomson Navel Orange on sour orange, citrumelo and citrange was significantly increased in the two studied soils following P application (p < 0.05). After application of P fertilizer, the highest dry weight of shoots was found for Thomson Navel Orange on sour orange (74%) in soil “1”; and on citrumelo rootstock (49%) in soil “2”. When P supply was deficient, Thomson Navel Orange on sour orange rootstock in the soil “1”, and on citrange and sour orange rootstocks in the soil “2” were more efficient in P acquisition than other rootstocks. With an adequate P supply and based on PUE, Thomson Navel Orange on sour orange rootstock in the soil “1”, and Thomson Navel Orange on citrange and on sour orange rootstocks in the soil “2” were more efficient in internal P utilization than other rootstocks. The results showed that the choice of an efficient rootstock in P uptake depends on the soil condition and is site-specific. In order to improve the performance of citrus seedlings in the studied areas, it is recommended either to use a P- efficient rootstock in these areas or, if it is not possible to use an efficient rootstock due to soil and climatic constraints, use P fertilizer based on the soil available phosphorus.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sour orange
  • Swingle citrumelo
  • Troyer citrange
  • P uptake

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 34، شماره 2
شهریور 1399
صفحه 277-289

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