بررسی اثر نیتروژن، روی، بُر و منیزیم و زمان‌ محلول‌پاشی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی انگور دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سنندج، ایران

2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سنندج، ایران

3 محقق بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

این آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثر نیتروژن، روی، بُر و منیزیم و زمان و مراحل محلول­پاشی، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی، با 12 تیمار کودی، شامل C1 (شاهد)، C2 (N)،  C3(Zn)، C4 (B)، C5 (Mg)، C6 (N + Zn)، C7 (N + B)، C8 (N + Mg)،C9  (Zn + B)، C10 (N + Zn + B)، C11 (Zn + B + Mg) و C12 (N + Zn + B + Mg) در دو زمان محلول­پاشی (T1 = مرحله تورم جوانه‌ها و T2= محلول‌پاشی دو ­مرحله­ای در مرحله تورم جوانه‌ها و بعد از تشکیل میوه)، به مدت سه سال روی انگور دیم اجرا شد. بر اساس نتایج، تیمارهای محلول­پاشی عناصر غذایی در دو زمان محلول­پاشی و در سه سال متوالی بر خصوصیات رشد رویشی، شامل اندازه سطح برگ و قطر شاخه، اثر معنی­داری نشان ندادند، اما بر اجزای عملکرد و کیفیت میوه از جمله وزن خوشه، وزن حبه، اندازه حبه، عملکرد هر درختچه، آنتوسیانین، مواد جامد محلول (TSS) و اسیدیته کل (TA) میوه، تأثیر معنی­داری داشتند. اثر متقابل سه جانبه سال، زمان محلول­پاشی و تیمار عناصر غذایی روی مقدار عملکرد، وزن خوشه و آنتوسیانین، تأثیر معنی­داری نشان دادند. بیشترین میانگین سه ساله عملکرد میوه به ازای هر درخت، به ترتیب در تیمارهای C2 (N)، C3 (Zn) و C4 (B)، مشاهده شد و تقریباً تمام تیمارها نسبت به شاهد، تفاوت معنی­داری را نشان دادند و درختچه­های انگوری که هیچ تیمار غذایی، دریافت نکرده بودند به همراهC10  (N + Zn + B) و C11 (Zn + B + Mg)، به ترتیب کمترین مقدار عملکرد میوه را داشتند. بنابراین می­توان چنین استنتاج نمود که علی­رغم تاثیر مثبت محلول­پاشی نیتروژن، روی و بُر بر عملکرد و خصوصیات کیفی، کاربرد این عناصر با همدیگر، بر روی انگور دیم، اثرات منفی داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Nitrogen, Zinc, Boron, and Magnesium and Time of Foliar Application on Quality and Quantity of Rainfed Grapevine

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sedri Mohammad Hossein 1
  • Farhad Karami 2
  • Saber Avestan 3
1 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Crop and Horticultural Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran
3 Researcher, Crop and Horticultural Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen, zinc, boron, and magnesium and the time and stages of foliar application on the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design was conducted for three years. Treatments consisted of 12 fertilizer treatments including C1 (Control), C2 (N), C3 (Zn), C4 (B), C5 (Mg), C6 (N + Zn), C7 (N + B), C8 (N + Mg), C9 (Zn + B), C10 (N + Zn + B), C11 (Zn + B + Mg), and C12 (N + Zn + B + Mg) and two spraying times (T1= One-stage foliar application in the bud swelling stage and T2= Two-stage foliar application in bud swelling stage and after fruit formation). The results showed that nutrient foliar application treatments at two foliar application times and in three consecutive years did not have a significant effect on vegetative growth characteristics, including leaf area size and branch diameter, but it had a significant effect on yield components and fruit quality like cluster weight, berry weight, berry size, the yield of each shrub, anthocyanin, soluble solids (TSS) and total acidity (TA) of fruit. The tripartite interaction of year, foliar application time, and nutrient treatment had a significant effect on yield, panicle weight, and anthocyanin. The highest average of fruit yield per tree in three years was observed in C2 (N), C3 (Zn), and C4 (B) treatments, respectively, and almost all treatments showed a significant difference compared to the control. The grapevines that received no dietary treatment, along with C10 (N + Zn + B) and C11 (Zn + B + Mg), had the lowest fruit yields, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that despite the usefulness of spraying nitrogen, zinc, and boron nutrients, the use of nutrients together has negative effects on rainfed grapes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rainfed condition
  • Grape quality
  • Grape nutrition
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