بررسی تأثیر تناوب کاشت گندم - ذرت بر شکل های معدنی و قابل جذب فسفر خاکهای آهکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهش و رئیس مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی قزوین

چکیده

به منظور تعیین تأثیر تناوب کاشت ذرت و گندم بر شکل های معدنی و قابل جذب فسفر طرحی به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک های کامل تصادفی با فاکتورهای دو نوع خاک و سه سطح مصرف کود فسفره در شرایط با تناوب کشت ذرت و گندم و بدون کشت گیاه در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. سپس در یک دوره 5 ماهه روند تغییرات فسفر قابل جذب و شکل­های معدنی فسفر خاک تحت شرایط یاد شده تعیین گردید. نتایج نشان داد سطوح کود فسفره، نوع خاک، کشت گیاه ذرت و گندم و تناوب آنها بر فسفر قابل جذب خاک و شکلهای معدنی فسفر خاک شامل فسفات­های کلسیم، فسفات های آهن و آلومینیوم و فسفات محبوس شده در اکسیدهای آهن و آلومینیوم تأثیر معنی­داری داشت به طوری که با مصرف سطوح بالای کود فسفره شکل­های معدنی فسفر افزایش یافت ولی در شرایط مصرف متعادل کود تغییر شکل کود مصرفی به شکل های معدنی فسفر کاهش داشت و در شرایط تناوب کشت ذرت و گندم با مصرف کود فسفره در زمان کاشت ذرت نیاز کودی کشت گندم نیز بر طرف گردید

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Corn-Wheat Rotation on Inorganic Fractions and Available Phosphorusin a Calcareous Soil

نویسنده [English]

  • mehrzad mostashari
Research Assistant Professor and chairman of Agriculture Research Center
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effects of corn-wheat rotationon the available-P and inorganic phosphorus fractions of soil, with and without P application, agreenhouse study was carried out as a 2 x3 x2 factorial experiment in a randomized complete blocks design. Treatments included two types of soil,3 levels of P, and two plantingtreatments(corn-wheat rotation vs fallow land),with 3 replications. In a period of 5 months, variations of Olsen-P and soil inorganic phosphorus fractions were studied. The results indicated thateffects of soil P application and planting treatment on Olsen-P and soil inorganic phosphorus fractions were significant. Withincreasing P application, soil inorganic phosphorus fractions increased, but, with balancedP application, P fixation in soil was decreased. In corn-wheat rotation,suitable P application rates at the time of planting corn will also meet the requirement of the next crop of wheat.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Phosphorus fractionation
  • Phosphorus availability

مراجع

  1. Adepoju, A.Y. Pratte, P.F. and Matigod, S.V. 1982. Availability and extractability of phosphorus from soils having high residual phosphorus. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 46: 583-588.
  2. Barber, S. A, 1984. Soil nutrient bioavailability. Pp. 115-120. John Wiley, Pub. , New York.
  3. Blake, L. Johnston, A.E. Poulton, P.R. and Goulding, K.W.T. 2003. Changes in soil phosphorus fractions following positive and negative phosphorus balances for long periods. Plant Soil 254:245-261.
  4. Chang, S.C., and Juo, S.R. 1963. Available phosphorus in relation to forms of phosphorus in soil. Soils Sci. 95: 91-96.
  5. Guo, F. Yost, R.S. Hue, N.V. Evensen, C.I. and Silva, J.A. 2000. Changes in phosphorus fractions in soils under intensive plant growth. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64: 1681-1689.
  6. Hedley, M.J. Kirk, G.J.D. and Santos, M.B. 1994. Phosphorus efficiency and the forms of phosphorus utilized by upland rice cultivars. Plant Soil 158: 53-62.
  7. Javid, S. and Rowell, D.L. 2002. A Laboratory study of the effect of time and temperature on the decline in Olsen P following phosphate addition to calcareous soils. Soil Use Manag. 18: 127-134.
  8. Jiang, B. and Gu, Y. 1989. Asuggested fractionation scheme of inorganic phosphorus in calcareous soils. Fertilizer Res. 20: 159-165.
  9. Olsen, S.R. and Sommer, L.E. 1982. Phophorus. In Methods of soil Analysis: Chemical and microbiological Properties, part2. 2nd Agron. Monogr. No. 9. A. Klute (ed). ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, PP. 403-430.
  10. Olsen, S.R., Watanabe, F.S. and Bowman, R.A. 1983. Evaluation of fertilizer phosphate residue by plant uptake and extractable phosphorus. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 47:952-958.
  11. Samadi, A. and Gilkes, R.J. 1998. Forms of phosphorus in virgin and fertilized calcareous soils of Western   Austral. J. Soil Res. 36:585-601.
  12. Samadi, A. and Gilkes, R.J. 1999. Phosphorus transformations and their relation ships with calcareous soil properties of south Western Australia. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69: 809-815.
  13. Samadi, A. 2003. A study on distribution of forms of phosphorus in calcareous soils of Western Australia. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 5: 39-49.
  14. Samrit, P. Jongruk, C. Chairerk, S. and Nipon, T. 2002. Changes of some chemical properties, inorganic phosphate fraction and available P in some paddy soils in Thailand. 17th WCSS, 14-21 Aug., Bangkok, Thailand.
  15. Schmidt, H.P. Buol, S.W. and Kamprath, J. 1996. Soil phosphorus dynamics during seventeen years of continuous cultivation: fractionation analysis. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 60: 1168-1172.
  16. Schmidt, J.P. Buol, S.W. and Kamprath, J. 1997. Soil phosphorus dynamics during 17 years of continuous cultivation: A method to estimate long-term P availability Geoderma 78: 59-70.
  17. Selles, F. Hochham, R.A. Denardin, J.E. Zentner, R.P. and Faganelli, A. 1997. Distribution of phosphorus fractions in a Brazilian oxisol under different tillage systems. 44: 23-44.
  18. Sharpley, A.N. Singh, U. Uehara, G. and Kimble, J. 1989. Modeling soil and plant phosphorus dynamics in calcareous soils. And highly weathered soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53: 153-158.
  19. Shuai, X., Yost, R.S. 2004. State-Space modeling to simplify soil phosphorus fractionation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68: 4. 1437-1442.
  20. Singh, R.S. Martens, D.C. and Obenshain, S.S. 1966. Plant availability and form of residual phosphorus in Davidson clay loam. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc.30:617-620.
  21. Yang, J.E. Gones, C.A. Kim,  J.  and Jacobsen, J.S. 2002.Soil inorganic phosphorus fraction and Olsen-P in phosphorus responsive calcareous soils: Effects of fertilizer amount and  incubation time. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 35:855-871.
  22. Yang, J. and Jacobsen, J.S. 1990. Soil inorganic phosphorus fractions and their uptake relationships in calcareous soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54: 1666-1669.
  23. Yu, S. He, Z.L. Stoffella, P.J. Calvert, D.V. Yang, X.E. and Banks, D.J. 2006. Surface run off phosphorus (p) loss in relation to phosphates activity and soil P fractions in Florida sandy soils under cirtus production. Soil Bio. and Biochem. 38: 3. 619-628.
  24. Zhang, T.Q. Machenzie, A.F. Laing, B.C. and Drury, C.F. 2004. Soil test phosphorus and phosphorus fractions with long-term phosphorus addition and depletion. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68: 2: 519-529.
پژوهش های خاک
دوره 26، شماره 1
خرداد 1391
صفحه 19-32

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار