تأثیرات تغذیه بهینه تلفیقی بر عملکرد و کیفیت میوه درختان زیتون در جنوب استان کرمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب- مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب کرمان

2 عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

3 کارشناس بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

10.22092/ijsr.2025.367639.765

چکیده

در این پژوهش تأثیرات تغذیه بهینه را بر عملکرد و کیفیت میوه درختان زیتون در ارتفاعات جبال‌بارز، جنوب ایران، در طول دو فصل رشد ارزیابی شد. طرح آزمایشی به‌صورت بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تیمار شامل شاهد (T1)، کودهای شیمیایی همراه با کود دامی پوسیده (T2) و تیمار 2 به‌علاوه عناصر ریزمغذی (T3). صفاتی ازجمله عملکرد، ویژگی‌های میوه و غلظت مواد مغذی در برگ‌های زیتون ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که در تیمار T3 عملکرد زیتون به میزان 50.7 % در سال اول و 72.5 % در سال دوم نسبت به تیمار  T1  افزایش یافت، که نشان‌دهنده نقش اثر تغذیه بهینه تلفیقی در بهبود عملکرد است. افزون بر این، درختان تیمار T3 بهبود قابل‌توجهی در اندازه و وزن میوه و غلظت‌ عناصر غذایی پرمصرف مانند نیتروژن (N)، فسفر (P) و پتاسیم (K) نشان دادند. جذب ریزمغذی‌ها، به‌ویژه آهن  (Fe)، روی (Zn) و منگنز (Mn) نیز در درختان تیمار T3 به‌طور قابل‌توجهی بیشتر بود. تحلیل‌ها نشان داد که ترکیب کودهای شیمیایی و آلی همراه با ریزمغذی‌ها تأثیر مثبت چشمگیری بر عملکرد کلی زیتون و رشد میوه داشت. عوامل محیطی ازجمله تغییرات بارش و همچنین اثرات باقیمانده کودها بین دو سال، بر شدت اثرات تیمار تأثیر گذاشت و پاسخ قوی‌تری در سال دوم مشاهده شد. این یافته‌ها بر اهمیت مدیریت تلفیقی مواد مغذی، که شامل کودهای آلی و شیمیایی به همراه ریزمغذی‌ها است، برای بهبود عملکرد و کیفیت میوه تأکید می‌کند. این مطالعه بینش‌های ارزشمندی برای توسعه استراتژی‌های پایدار کوددهی برای باغ‌های زیتون در مناطق نیمه‌خشک ارائه می‌دهد و بهره‌وری بلندمدت و بهبود وضعیت خاک را ترویج می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Integrated Optimal Nutrition on the Yield and Fruit Quality of Olive Trees in Southern Kerman Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • JAVAD SARHADI 1
  • saber heidari 2
  • Mehri Sharif 3
1 SCIENTIFIC BOARD, SOIL AND WATER RESEARCH DEPARTMENT, SOUTH KERMAN AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER , AREEO, JIROFT, IRAN
2 Faculty Members of Soil and Water Research Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran.
3 Master of Science, Soil and Water Research Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Jiroft, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study evaluated the effects of optimal nutrition on the yield and fruit quality of olive trees in the Jabal Barez highlands, southern Iran, over two growing seasons. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three treatments: control (T1), macro-nutrients fertilizers combined with decomposed manure (T2), and treatment 2 with added micronutrients (T3). Traits such as yield, fruit characteristics, and nutrient concentrations in olive leaves were assessed. The results showed that olive yield increased by 50.7% in the first and 72.5% in the second year under T3 compared to T1, indicating the significant role of integrated optimal nutrition in enhancing productivity. Additionally, T3-treated trees demonstrated substantial improvements in fruit size, weight, and concentrations of the major nutrients, including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Micronutrient uptakes, particularly iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) were also significantly higher in T3-treated trees. Analyses revealed that the combination of chemical and organic fertilizers with micronutrients had a remarkable positive impact on overall olive productivity and fruit growth. Environmental factors, including rainfall variability and fertilizer residual effects between the two years, influenced the treatment impacts, with a stronger response observed in the second year. These findings underscore the importance of integrated nutrient management (INM) — incorporating organic and chemical fertilizers along with micronutrients — to improve fruit yield and quality. This study provides valuable insights for developing sustainable fertilization strategies for olive orchards in semi-arid regions, promoting the long-term productivity and soil health.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Olive cultivation
  • Chemical fertilizers
  • Organic fertilizers
  • Yield improvement
  • Integrated Nutrient Management

مراجع

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 38، شماره 4
اسفند 1403
صفحه 345-363

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