شیمی ‏سنجی عناصر بالقوه سمی در خاک سطحی کلان‌شهر همدان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط‌زیست، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران.

2 ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‌زﻳﺴﺖ، واﺣﺪ ﻫﻤﺪان، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، ﻫﻤﺪان، ایران.

چکیده

آلودگی خاک شهری به آلاینده‌های سمی به‌عنوان مانعی مهم برای توسعه پایدار بوده و چالش و نگرانی مشترک ‌محیط‏زیستی و بهداشتی بوم‏سامانه‏های شهری در سراسر جهان است. از این‌رو، این پژوهش با هدف تعیین محتوی، تغییرات مکانی، آلودگی و سمیت عناصر بالقوه سمی (آرسنیک، سرب، کادمیم، مس و نیکل) خاک سطحی کلان‌شهر همدان در سال 1402 انجام یافت. به این منظور، در مجموع 108 نمونه خاک سطحی (0-20 سانتی‌متری) از 12 مکان با کاربری‌های صنعتی، تجاری و مسکونی (4 مکان نمونه‏برداری از هر کاربری) برداشت شد. پس از آماده‏سازی و هضم اسیدی نمونه‏ها در آزمایشگاه، محتوی عناصر در آن‌ها به‌روش طیف‏سنجی نوری پلاسمای جفت‌شده القایی (ICP-OES) خوانده شد. مقادیر شاخص‏های فاکتور آلودگی (CF)، بار آلودگی (PLI)، میانگین ضریب متوسط حدود اثر (mERM-Q) و میانگین ضریب سطح احتمالی اثر (mPEL-Q) محاسبه گردید. تغییرات مکانی محتوی عناصر نشان‌دهنده تأثیر فعالیت‌های انسانی به‌ویژه با منشأ صنعتی و ترافیک بر آلودگی خاک بود. محاسبه شاخص CF نشان داد که آلودگی عناصر آرسنیک، سرب، کادمیم، مس و نیکل از "کم" تا "زیاد" متغیر بود. همچنین، میانگین مقادیر شاخص بار آلودگی با 0/1، بیان‌گر شرایط آلودگی "متوسط" در منطقه مورد مطالعه بود. نتایج ارزیابی سمیت محیطی و زیستی نشان داد که در همه مناطق مقادیر شاخص‌های mERM-Q و mPEL-Q برای عناصر آرسنیک، سرب، کادمیم، مس و نیکل با 21% احتمال سمیت در طبقه "سمیت متوسط" قرار داشتند. با استناد به نتایج می‌توان اذعان داشت که فعالیت‌های صنعتی و ترافیکی به‌عنوان منبع اصلی و عمده عناصر مورد مطالعه نقش مهمی در آلودگی خاک شهر همدان دارند. لذا، به‏‏منظور حفظ سلامت محیط و شهروندان نسبت به پایش دوره‌ای و منظم خاک سطحی شهری آلوده به عناصر بالقوه سمی و ارزیابی ریسک بوم‌شناختی و سلامت مواجهه با عناصر به‌ویژه در مناطق با آلودگی زیاد توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Chemometric of potentially toxic elements in surface soils of Hamedan Megacity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nayereh Sadat Hosseini 1
  • Soheil Sobhan Ardakani 2
1 Department of the Environment, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
2 Department of the Environment, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Contamination of urban soil with toxic pollutants as an important obstacle for sustainable development is a challenge and common environmental and health concern of urban ecosystems all over the world. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluating the concentrations, spatial variations, pollution and toxicity of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb in surface soil of Hamedan Megacity in 2023. In so doing, a total of 108 urban surface soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from 12 sampling sites with different land uses including industrial, commercial, and residential (4 sites of each land uses). After preparation and acid digestion of samples in the lab, tested element concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Also, contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), the mean effect range median quotient (mERM-Q) and the mean probable effect level quotient (mPEL–Q) indices were calculated. The results of the spatial variation of the element contents showed that the impact of human activities, especially industrial origin and traffic. The results of calculating the CF represented that the contamination of As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb were "low" to "high". Also, the mean values of IPI with 1.00 displayed "moderate" contamination conditions in the study area. Besides, the mean values of mERM-Q and mPEL-Q of As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb indicated that the elemental probability toxicity of soil samples was 21% and in the "moderate toxicity" category. Based on the results, it can be acknowledged that industrial and traffic activities as the main and primary origin of these elements had significantly contributed to their pollution in soil of Hamedan city. In conclusion, regular monitoring the content of PTEs and ecological and health risk assessment of contaminated urban surface soil with PTEs are recommended in order to maintain the health of the environment and citizens.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urban soil
  • Toxic Pollutants
  • Pollution index
  • Environmental toxicity

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 39، شماره 2
شهریور 1404
صفحه 189-204

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