اثر لجن فاضلاب، باکتری تیوباسیلوس تیواکسیدانس و زمان بر شکل‌های شیمیایی کادمیوم در خاک آهکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری خاکشناسی دانشگاه شهید ‌چمران‌ اهواز

2 دانشیارگروه خاکشناسی‌دانشگاه شهید چمران‌ اهواز

چکیده

در سال­های اخیر استفاده از لجن فاضلاب به عنوان کود، در اراضی کشاورزی به دلیل ارزان بودن رواج یافته است. لجن فاضلاب حاوی مقادیر زیادی عناصر پر مصرف و کم مصرف است با این وجود لجن فاضلاب دارای غلظت­های بالای عناصر سنگین است. این مطالعه به منظور تعیین اثرات لجن فاضلاب، باکتری تیوباسیلوس تیواکسیدانس و زمان بر توزیع گونه­های کادمیم در بخش­های مختلف یک خاک آهکی انجام شد. به همین منظور آزمایشی با سه سطح لجن فاضلاب (0، 50و 100 تن در هکتار)، دو سطح باکتری (حضور و عدم حضور باکتری) و سه زمان ( 0، 30 و 60 روز) انجام شد. آزمایش در سه تکرار در قالب طرح فاکتوریل کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. نمونه­ها به مدت دو ماه در دمای حدود 25 درجه و شرایط نزدیک به ظرفیت مزرعه­ای نگهداری شدند. در نهایت توزیع گونه­های کادمیم در بخش­های تبادلی+ محلول، آلی، کربناتی، اکسیدهای آهن و منگنز و باقیمانده بوسیله روش عصاره­گیری مرحله­ای تعیین شدند .نتایج نشان داد که شکل باقیمانده و سپس کربناتی کادمیوم غالب بود و تیمار لجن فاضلاب و زمان تغییرات معنی­داری را در خاک آهکی داشته است. مقدار کادمیوم مرتبط با بخش کربناتی و باقیمانده در حضور و عدم حضور باکتری بیشتر از بقیه بخش­ها بود. در خاک با باکتری تیوباسیلوس تیواکسیدانس درصد کادمیوم در بخش کربناتی و آلی کاهش و درصد کادمیوم در سایر بخش­ها افزایش یافت. کادمیوم پیوند شده با کربنات طی 60 روز به طور معنی­داری بیشتر از 0 و 30 روز بود. شکل آلی کادمیوم به طور معنی­داری در طی زمان کاهش یافت. در مجموع در این پژوهش به نظر می­رسد  لجن فاضلاب، باکتری تیوباسیلوس تیواکسیدانس و زمان نقش مهمی در نگهداری و جابجایی کادمیم در بخش­های خاک دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Sewage Sludge, Thiobacillus thiooxidans Bacteria, and Time on the Fractionation of Cadmium in a Calcareous Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Ahmadzadeh 1
  • M. Chorom 2
چکیده [English]

In recent years, use of sewage sludge as a fertilizer has become prevalent in agricultural lands, because of being cheap. Sewage sludge is a source of nutritional elements, however, it contains some heavy metals. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of incubation time, sewage sludge, and Thiobacillus bacteria on the distribution of cadmium in a calcareous soil. For this purpose, an experiment with three levels of sewage sludge (0 , 50, and 100 t ha-1), two levels of bacteria (with and without), three incubation times (0 , 30, and  60 days) was carried out. The experiment was conducted in three replications in controlled conditions using factorial arrangement with a completely randomized design. The samples were incubated for two months at temperature of 25±2 °C and soil moisture condition close to field capacity. Distribution of Cd in fractions including soluble+ exchangeable, organically bound, carbonate-bound, and residual fractions was determined by a sequential extraction method. The results illustrated that residual and carbonate form of Cd were dominant and showed a significant change with sewage sludge treatment and time. Sewage sludge application increased the amount of fractions of cadmium significantly in the calcareous soil. The proportion of residual and carbonat-bound Cd was higher in soil with and without bacteria. In soil withThiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria, the percentage of Cd in the carbonate and organic fractions decreased and the percentage of Cd increased in other fractions. Carbonate fraction of Cd was significantly higher in 60 days than 0 and 30 days. The organic forms of Cd decreased significantly in the course of time. In general, based on the results, it may be concluded that sewage sludge, Thiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria, and time treatment play a key role in the distribution of Cd in different fractions of soils.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heavy metal
  • Sequential extraction
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