نقش تلقیح قارچ میکوریزا و کاربرد بیوچار بر فراهمی فسفر، رشد و عملکرد سورگوم و برخی خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثرات کاربرد بیوچار و میکوریزا بر فراهمی فسفر، رشد و عملکرد سورگوم و برخی خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک، یک آزمایش گلدانی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. در این تحقیق اثرات مصرف بیوچار (0 و 5/1 درصد حجمی)، میکوریزا (تلقیح و عدم تلقیح قارچ میکوریزا) و فسفر (چهار سطح صفر، 55، 110 و 165 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم سوپر فسفات تریپل) بر روی سورگوم مطالعه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که با کاربرد فسفر و بیوچار وزن اندام­های هوایی و ریشه‌ها، حجم ریشه‌ها و همچنین جذب نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم و نیز با تلقیح ریشه­ها با میکوریزا وزن اندام­های هوایی و جذب کل نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم بطور معنی‌داری (P<0.01) افزایش یافت. اما، مصرف توام فسفر، بیوچار و میکوریزا صفات یاد شده را به میزان بیشتری افزایش دادند. مصرف فسفر یا بیوچار به تنهایی شوری خاک را افزایش دادند اما مصرف توام آن‌ها همراه با تلقیح ریشه‌ها با میکوریزا میزان شوری را کاهش داد. کاربرد فسفر مقدار کربن آلی خاک را کاهش داد در حالی که مصرف بیوچار و میکوریزا مقدار آن را بطور معنی‌داری افزایش دادند. بیشترین میزان علوفه خشک (4/24 گرم در گلدان) و بیشترین جذب فسفر (9/79 میلی‌گرم در گلدان) از کاربرد توام میکوریزا، بیوچار و مصرف 55 میلی گرم سوپر فسفات به ازا هر کیلوگرم خاک به دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد بیوچار و یا میکوریزا بر میزان فسفر مصرفی [H1] تاثیر می گذارند اما باید توجه داشت که مصرف طولانی مدت بیوچار می‌تواند شوری خاک را افزایش دهد.




کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Mycorrhiza Inoculation and Biochar Application on Phosphorus Availability, Growth, and Yield of Sorghum and Some Soil Chemical Properties

نویسندگان [English]

  • A.H. Ziaeian 1
  • Abolfath Moradi 2
  • Gholamreza Zareian 2
  • M. Hosseini 2
1 Associate Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the role of mycorrhiza inoculation and Biochar application on the phosphorus availability, growth, and yield of sorghum and some chemical properties of soil, a pot experiment were conducted as a factorial experiment in completely randomized design, with three replications. In this research, application effects of biochar (0 and 1.5 % by weight), mycorrhiza (inoculation and non-inoculation of mycorrhiza fungi) and phosphorous (four levels of triple superphosphate: 0, 55, 110, and 165 mg .kg-1 soil) on sorghum were studied. The results showed that phosphorus and biochar application significantly (P<0.01) increased foliage and roots weights, roots volume, and also nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium uptake. Furthermore, the application of phosphorus in combination with biochar and inoculation of plant roots with mycorrhiza increased the above-mentioned traits to a higher level. Application of phosphorus or biochar alone increased soil salinity, but their combined application together with the plant root inoculation using mycorrhiza decreased it. Application of phosphorus decreased soil organic carbon, whereas biochar and mycorrhiza significantly increased it. The maximum dry foliage (24.4 g.pot-1) and the maximum phosphorous uptake (79.9 mg.pot-1) were obtained from combined application of mycorrhiza, biochae and 55 mg.kg-1 triple superphosphate. The results showed that biochar and or mycorrhiza application affect the amount of phosphorus consumed[H1] , but it should be noted that prolonged use of biochar could increase soil salinity.


کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forage sorghum
  • Triple superphosphate
  • Microorganisms
  • Soil salinity

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 33، شماره 4
اسفند 1398
صفحه 473-483

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