اثر تراکم خاک و کاربرد ماده آلی بر برخی ویژگی‌های زیستی خاک در کشت گلخانه‌ای گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

تراکم خاک یکی از مشکلات زیست محیطی جهانی است. تاکنون عمده پژوهش‌ها بر تأثیر تراکم خاک بر ویژگی­های فیزیکی خاک و رشد گیاه تمرکز داشته‌اند، درحالیکه تعیین اثر تراکم خاک بر فعالیت ریزجانداران و فرآیندها‌ی بیولوژیکی خاک بسیار ضروری است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش تعیین تاثیر تراکم خاک و افزودن مواد‌آلی بر برخی ویژگی­های زیستی شامل تنفس، کربن‌ زیست توده میکروبی خاک، فعالیت آنزیم اوره‌آز و شدت نیتریفیکاسیون در خاک بود. بدین منظور آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه­ای انجام شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل تراکم خاک (صفر، 10 و 20 درصد) و افزودن ماده آلی (صفر و 2 درصد کمپوست باگاس نیشکر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر جداگانه تراکم خاک و ماده آلی بر تنفس، کربن‌زیست توده میکروبی خاک، فعالیت آنزیم اوره‌آز و شدت نیتریفیکاسیون معنی‌دار بود. همچنین، اثر متقابل تراکم خاک و افزودن ماده آلی به خاک بر ویژگی­های اندازه­گیری شده در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. با افزایش تراکم خاک، تمام ویژگی­های بیولوژیکی مورد بررسی کاهش یافت، اما افزودن مواد آلی به خاک موجب بهبود فعالیت میکروبی و افزایش میزان تنفس و کربن زیست توده میکروبی، فعالیت آنزیم اوره‌آز و شدت نیتریفیکاسیون شد. بنابراین افزایش مواد آلی یا بقایای گیاهی یک شیوه مدیریتی مهم است که می‌تواند باعث بهبود ویژگی­ها و عملکرد خاک شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Soil Compaction and Organic Matter Application on some Soil Biological Characteristic under Wheat Cultivation in Greenhouse Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehraban Shahpouri Arani 1
  • A. Farrokhian Firouzi 2
  • N. Enayatizamir 2
  • Afrasyab Rahnama 3
1 MSc. Student of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture., Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
2 Associate Prof., Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
3 Associate Prof., Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
چکیده [English]

Soil compaction is a worldwide environmental problem. Investigations on soil compaction have focused mainly on its effects on soil physical parameters and plant growth. There is an essential need to identify the effect of soil compaction on soil organisms and biological process, especially in arid and semiarid regions such as Iran. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of soil compaction and organic matter on soil respiration and microbial biomass carbon, urease activity, and soil nitrification. Therefore, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouse conditions. Treatments included different compaction levels (0, 10, and 20 %) and organic matter addition (0 and 2 %W/W from the bagasse compost). The results indicated that the effects of soil compaction and organic matter on soil respiration, microbial biomass carbon, urease activity, and soil nitrification rate were significant. Also, the interaction effect of soil compaction and organic matter on the measured biological properties were significant (p<0.01). Furthermore, the results showed that the value of all measured biological properties decreased with increasing soil compaction, whereas, increasing soil organic matter improved those properties and the amount of microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon, urease activity and soil nitrification significantly increased. Therefore, increasing organic matter or plant residues is an important management approach that can improve soil characteristics and performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Microbial biomass carbon
  • Soil respiration
  • Urease activity
  • Biomass Carbon
  • Nitrification

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 33، شماره 4
اسفند 1398
صفحه 485-495

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