مقایسه روش‌های ارزیابی کیفیت خاک و ارتباط آن با عملکرد در اراضی چایکاری غرب استان گیلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان

3 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

4 مربی پژوهش، گروه فناوری و مدیریت تولید، پژوهشکده چای، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، لاهیجان

چکیده

با توجه به افزایش فشار های استفاده از زمین و آسـیب‌پذیری خاک های کشاورزی از نظر زیست محیطی، توسعه یک روش مناسب برای ارزیابی کیفیت خاک به منظور دستیابی به تولید بهینه و پایدار محصول ضروری است. لذا این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی مهم‏ترین ویژگی­های مؤثر بر کیفیت خاک و مقایسه شاخص‌های کیفیت خاک به‌دست آمده از روش‌های مختلف و ارتباط آن با عملکرد چای در غرب استان گیلان صورت گرفت. در مجموع 66 نمونه خاک مرکب از عمق صفر تا 30 سانتی‌متر و برگ سبز چای در کرتی به وسعت 2 متر مربع به مرکزیت محل‌های نمونه‌برداری خاک از بخشی از باغات چای با عملکرد متفاوت برداشت شد. با استفاده از روش تجزیه به مؤلفه­های اصلی(PCA) ، از میان 15 ویژگی موثر بر کیفیت خاک، شش ویژگی شامل پتاسیم قابل جذب، کربن آلی، pH، فسفر قابل جذب، روی قابل جذب و تعداد نماتد به‌عنوان حداقل نشانگرهای مؤثر بر کیفیت خاک انتخاب گردید. سپس کیفیت خاک با استفاده از دو مدل شاخص کیفیت تجمعی (IQI) و شاخص کیفیت نمرو (NQI) به روش‌های نمره‌دهی خطی و غیرخطی (LS و NLS) و هرکدام در دو مجموعه کل داده‌ها (TDS) و داده‌های حداقل (MDS) ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین شاخص کیفیت خاک به جز شاخص‌های IQI-NLSMDS و NQI-NLSMDS، در باغات با عملکرد بالا به طور معنی‌داری بیش­تر از باغات با عملکرد پایین بود. ارزیابی کیفیت خاک باغات چای نشان داد که روش‌های نمرده‌دهی خطی بر روش‌های غیرخطی برتری دارند، به‌طوری‌که شاخص‌های IQI-LS و NQI-LS برای هر دو مجموعه TDS (به ترتیب 55/0= R2و 54/0=R2) و MDS (به ترتیب 45/0= R2و 46/0=R2) همبستگی بیش­تری با عملکرد چای نسبت به سایر شاخص‌ها نشان دادند. همچنین همبستگی بین دو مجموعه TDS و MDS برای شاخص IQI-LS (80/0= R2)، بیش­تر از شاخص NQI-LS (59/0= R2) بود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Soil Quality Evaluation Methods and Their Relationships with Tea Yield in West Guilan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nafiseh Yaghmaeian Mahabadi 1
  • Hoora Fayyaz 2
  • Atefeh Sabouri 3
  • Ahmad Shirinfekr 4
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran
2 MSc., Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran
3 Associated Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran
4 Agronomy& Technology Department, Tea Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Lahijan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Developing an appropriate methodology to evaluate soil quality is urgent and has great implications in sustainable agricultural production. This study was carried out with the aim of determining the minimum data set (MDS) for soil quality evaluation and the comparison of soil quality evaluation methodsin tea cultivation with different productivities in west Guilan province. Sixty-six soil samples were collected from 0 to 30 cm depth. The green tea leaves were harvested at a 2 m2 plot at each site. In this research, using the principal component analysis (PCA) method, among 15 physical, chemical and biological soil indicators as total data set (TDS), available potassium, organic carbon, pH, available phosphorus, available zinc and nematode were determined as the MDS. Then, the soil quality of tea cultivation with different productivities was evaluated by Integrated Quality Index(IQI) and Nemoro Quality Index (NQI) using two linear and non-linear scoring methods (LS and NLS) and two soil indicator selection approaches, a Total Data Set (TDS) and a Minimum Data Set (MDS). The results showed that all mean soil quality indices of the high productivity tea cultivationexcept IQI-NLSMDSand NQI-NLSMDS were significantly higher than low productivity tea cultivation. It was found that linear scoring methods are superior to non-linear. So that, the correlations between soil quality indices and crop yields for the IQI-LS and NQI-LS methods were Stronger than in the other methods in both TDS (R2=0.55 and 0.54, respectively) and MDS (R2=0.45 and 0.46, respectively). The correlation between TDS and MDS evaluated by the IQI–LS (R2=0.80) were higher than that by NQI–LS (R2=0.59). 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Integrated quality index
  • Nemoro quality index
  • Scoring methods
  • PCA

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 34، شماره 4
اسفند 1399
صفحه 435-450

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