اثر کود اوره با پوشش‌ پلیمری و اوره معمولی بر کارایی نیتروژن و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب

2 استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، جیرفت، ایران، کارشناس ارشد گروه تکنولوژی زراعی مرکز ترویج و توسعه تکنولوژی هراز، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، آمل، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، جیرفت، ایران

چکیده

نیتروژن یکی از مهم‏ترین مواد مغذی در تولید محصول است اما کارایی آن در کود اوره خصوصاً در شالیزارها پایین است. بازدهی نیتروژن می­تواند با کاهش انحلال اوره در خاک افزایش یابد. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر کودپلیمری اوره بر رشد و عملکرد برنج رقم طارم هاشمی انجام شد. به این منظور آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو مکان اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل T0:شاهد، T1:اوره معمولی(در دو تقسیط)، T2:اوره پلیمری، T3:اوره معمولی(30%)+پلیمری(70%) (استفاده بعد از نشاء) و T4:اوره معمولی(30%)+پوشش‏دار(70%)( اوره پلیمری در زمان نشاء و اوره معمولی در زمان خوشه‏دهی) بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثر مکان تنها بر صفات تعداد پنجه و تعداد خوشه معنی­دار بود و سایر صفات تحت تأثیر این عامل قرار نگرفتند. ولی صفات تعداد پنجه، تعداد خوشه، ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد دانه ، عملکرد زیست توده، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت و کارایی بازیافت نیتروژن به طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر نوع کود اوره و روش مصرف آن قرار گرفتند. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که حداکثر تعداد پنجه و خوشه در تیمار T3 در دو مکان به ترتیب دارای میانگین 5/24 و 33/20 بود که نسبت به تیمار شاهد به ترتیب 52% و 5/47% افزایش نشان داد. میانگین عملکرد دانه در تیمار T3 در دو مکان، نسبت به تیمارهای شاهد، T1، T2 و T4 به‏ ترتیب 1/43%، 17%، 1/18% و 1/18% بیشتر بود. برای رقم طارم هاشمی و در هر دو مکان مصرف اوره پوشش پلیمری به صورت مخلوط با اوره معمولی، در افزایش بازیافت نیتروژن و کاهش تلفات آن مؤثر بود اما اثربخشی این تیمار کودی در مزرعه با بافت شنی لوم بیشتر بود و می­تواند مناسب­ترین روش مصرف کود در این خاک­ها باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Polymer Coated and Ordinary Urea Fertilizer on Nitrogen Efficiency and Rice Yield and Its Components

نویسندگان [English]

  • saber heidari 1
  • Majid Niknezhad 2
  • Seid Mohammad Alavi Siney 3
  • Morteza Eshraghi-Nejad 3
1 Faculty Member of Soil and Water Research Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran
2 M.Sc. Crop Science Technology, Haraz Extension and Technology Development Center, AREEO, Amol, Iran
3 Faculty members of Horticulture Crops Research Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran
چکیده [English]

Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients in crop production, but its efficiency in urea fertilizer is low, especially in paddy fields. Nitrogen yield can be increased by reducing the dissolution of urea in the soil. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of polymer-coated urea fertilizer on growth and yield of rice cv.Tarom Hashemi. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two locations. Experimental treatments included T0: control, T1: two splits of ordinary urea (OU), T2: coated urea (CU), T3: OU (30%)+CU (70%)(use after transplanting) and T4: OU (30%)+CU (70%). CU was used at the time of transplanting and OU at heading. The results showed that the location effect was significant only on tiller number and head number/heap. However, the type of urea fertilizer and application method significantly affected tiller number, head number, plant height, grain number, straw yield, grain yield, Harvest Index, and N recovery. Average of the maximum numbers of tillers (24.5) and heads (20.33) in T3 treatment in the two sites showed, respectively, 52% and 47.5% increase compared to the control treatment. Average grain yields in T3 treatment in the two fields were 43.1%, 17%, 18.1%, and 18.1% higher than, respectively, the control treatments, T1, T2, and T4. For Tarom Hashemi cultivar, while application of polymer CU mixed with OU was effective in increasing nitrogen recycling and reducing its losses in both places, the effectiveness of this treatment in the field with loamy sand soil was more. Therefore, this can be the most appropriate method of fertilizer application in these soils.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rice grain yield
  • Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency
  • Paddy fields soil
  • cv.Tarom Hashemi

مراجع

  1. Ahmed, H. M. and G. Sarwar. 2012. Genetic variability and interdependence of morphological traits in castorbean (Ricinus communis L) mutants. Songklanakarin Journal of Science & Technology 34(3).
  2. Ali Abbasi, H. R., M. Kavousi, M. Esfehany and B. Rabiei. 2010. Effects of Split Application and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on N-use Efficiency in Rice (Oryza sativa L. Cv. Khazar). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 40(4): 1-11.
  3. Blackshaw, R., X. Hao, R. Brandt, G. Clayton, K. Harker, J. O'Donovan, E. Johnson and C. Vera. 2011. Canola response to ESN and urea in a four-year no-till cropping system. Agronomy Journal 103(1): 92-99.
  4. Bortoletto-Santos, R., G. G. F. Guimarães, V. Roncato, D. F. d. Cruz, W. L. Polito and C. Ribeiro. 2019. Biodegradable oil-based polymeric coatings on urea fertilizer: N release kinetic transformations of urea in soil. Scientia Agricola 77(1).
  5. Choudhury, A. and I. Kennedy. 2005. Nitrogen fertilizer losses from rice soils and control of environmental pollution problems. Communications in soil science and plant analysis 36(11-12): 1625-1639.
  6. Choudhury, A. and Y. Khanif. 2004. Effects of Nitrogen and Copper Fertilization on Rice Yield and Fertil-Izer Nitrogen Efficiency: A. Dr. Anwarul Haq 47(1): 50-55.
  7. Davoodi, M. H., N. Davatgar, B. Amiri Larijani, F. Moshiri and M. M. Tehrani. 2014. Integrated soil fertility management and rice nutrition guidelines. Soil and Water Research Institute. (In Persian).
  8. Fageria, N. and M. Carvalho. 2014. Comparison of conventional and polymer coated urea as nitrogen sources for lowland rice production. Journal of plant nutrition 37(8): 1358-1371.
  9. Gee, G. W. and J. W. Bauder. 1986. Particle-size analysis 1, Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy.
  10. Glibert, P. M., J. Harrison, C. Heil and S. Seitzinger. 2006. Escalating worldwide use of urea–a global change contributing to coastal eutrophication. Biogeochemistry 77(3): 441-463.
  11. Haile, D., D. Nigussie and A. Ayana. 2012. Nitrogen use efficiency of bread wheat: Effects of nitrogen rate and time of application. Journal of soil science and plant nutrition 12(3): 389-410.
  12. Kiran, J., Y. Khanif, H. Amminuddin and A. Anuar. 2010. Effects of controlled release urea on the yield and nitrogen nutrition of flooded rice. Communications in soil science and plant analysis 41(7): 811-819.
  13. Li, Q., S. Wu, T. Ru, L. Wang, G. Xing and J. Wang. 2012. Synthesis and performance of polyurethane coated urea as slow/controlled release fertilizer. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 27(1): 126-129.
  14. Liu, G., L. Zotarelli, Y. Li, D. Dinkins, Q. Wang and M. Ozores-Hampton. 2014. Controlled-release and slow-release fertilizers as nutrient management tools. USA: US Department of Agriculture, UF/IFAS Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS
  15. Mahboob Khomami, A., R. Kasraee, M. Moghaddam and M. Kavousi. 2004. The effect of urea, urea with sulfur coating and their application on grain yield, yield and nitrogen recovery in rice, variety Nemat. Agricultural Science 14(4): 107-114. (In Persian with English Abstract).
  16. Mohammadi, L., S. Reezi, A. Mohammadkhani and R. Barzegar. 2018. Effect of slow-release fertilizer and humic acid application on New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens haawkeri “Divine Scarlet Red”) transplant production quality. Journal of Soil and Plant Interactions 9(1): 13-23. (In Persian with English Abstract).
  17. Mohammadian, M., A. R. Astaraie, A. Lakzian, H. Emami and M. Kavoosi. 2019. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer source on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Shiroudi. Iranian Society of Crops and Plant Breeding Sciences 21(1): 82-95. (In Persian with English Abstract).
  18. Moletti, M., M. Giudici, B. Villa and G. Fiore. 1992. [Best cultural technique for Patna rice. Performance of six varieties cultivated in water and filled in sowing at different nitrogen doses [Lombardy]].[Italian]. Informatore Agrario.
  19. Morgan, K. T., K. E. Cushman and S. Sato. 2009. Release mechanisms for slow-and controlled-release fertilizers and strategies for their use in vegetable production. HortTechnology 19(1): 10-12.
  20. Moro, B. M., I. R. Nuhu, E. Ato and B. Nathanial. 2015. Effect of nitrogen rates on the growth and yield of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in rain-fed lowland in the forest agro-ecological zone of Ghana. International Lournal of Agricultural Science 5(7): 878-885.
  21. Russo, S. 1996. Rice yield as affected by the split method of N application and nitrification inhibitor DCD. Cahiers Options Mediterraneennes 15: 43-53.
  22. Shaviv, A. 2001. Advances in controlled-release fertilizers.
  23. Shokri Vahed, H., N. Davatgar, M. Kavoosi and S. Babazadeh. 2018. Evaluation of Rice Plant Response to Nitrogen, Phosphours and Potassium Based on Site-Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM). Journal Of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 28(1): 235-248. (In Persian with English Abstract).
  24. Singh, S., S. Shukla and H. Yadav. 2004. Genetic studies and their implication to breed desired plant type in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). Genetika 36(1): 69-81.
  25. Sparks, D., A. Page, P. Helmke, R. Loeppert, P. Soltanpour, M. Tabatabai, C. Johnston and M. Sumner. 1996. Methods of soil analysis, Parts 2 and 3. Chemical analysis. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
  26. Vyas, B., N. Godrej and K. Mistry. 1991. Development and evaluation of neem extract as a coating for urea fertilizer. Fertiliser News 36(2): 19-21.
  27. Wang, S., X. Zhao, G. Xing, Y. Yang, M. Zhang and H. Chen. 2015. Improving grain yield and reducing N loss using polymer-coated urea in southeast China. Agronomy for sustainable development 35(3): 1103-1115.
  28. Woyema, A., G. Bultosa and A. Taa. 2012. Effect of different nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and yield related traits for seven durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var Durum) cultivars grown at Sinana, South Eastern Ethiopia. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 12(3): 6079-6094.
  29. Yang, Y.-c., M. Zhang, Y. Li, X.-h. Fan and Y.-q. Geng. 2012. Improving the quality of polymer-coated urea with recycled plastic, proper additives, and large tablets. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 60(45): 11229-11237.
پژوهش های خاک
دوره 35، شماره 4
بهمن 1400
صفحه 367-379

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار