اثر اندازه ذرات، مقدار و نوع بیوچار بر هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع در دو خاک با بافت متفاوت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری بخش علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

2 استاد بخش علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

3 دانشیار بخش علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

4 استادیار بخش علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

کاربرد بیوچار در خاک­های کشاورزی به‌عنوان راه حلی برای افزایش تولید محصول از طریق بهبود در ویژگی­های خاک، پیشنهاد شده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر نوع، سطوح و اندازه ذرات بیوچار بر هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع (Ksat) در دو خاک لوم رسی سیلتی و لوم شنی انجام شد. از بیوچار برگ نخل و پوست لیمو، گرماکافت شده در دمای 500 درجه سلسیوس در مدت 3 ساعت، استفاده شد. بیوچار به­دست آمده به سه کلاس اندازه ذرات کوچکتر از 8/0 میلی­متر، 2-8/0 میلی­متر و 4-2 میلی­متر تقسیم شد و با نسبت 5/0%، 1%، 2% و 4% وزنی با خاک­های مورد نظر مخلوط و به مدت 15 ماه (1398 تا 1399) در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شیراز خوابانده شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد سطوح 5/0%، 1%، 2% و 4% بیوچار سبب کاهش معنی­دار متوسط Ksat به‌ترتیب به میزان  9%، 32%، 58% و 65% در خاک بافت لوم شنی و همچنین افزایش معنی­دار آن (به‌جز سطح 5/0%) به‌ترتیب به میزان 51%، 104% و 231% در خاک لوم رسی سیلتی در مقایسه با شاهد شد. بیوچار برگ نخل در مقایسه با بیوچار پوست لیمو سبب افزایش معنی­دار متوسط Ksat به میزان 42% در خاک لوم رسی سیلتی و همچنین کاهش معنی­دار 12% در خاک لوم شنی شد. علاوه بر آن، بیش­ترین تأثیر بیوچار بر Ksat در هر دو بافت خاک مربوط به ذرات بیوچار کوچک­تر از 8/0 میلی­متر به‌دست آمد. بیشترین افزایش در Ksat خاک لوم رسی سیلتی و بیشترین کاهش در Ksat خاک لوم شنی، در سطح 4% وزنی بیوچار برگ نخل با کلاس اندازه ذرات کوچک­تر از 8/0 میلی­متر مشاهده شد. به‌طور کلی، نتایج این پژوهش می­تواند راهگشای انتخاب مقدار و اندازه بیوچارهای مورد استفاده از نظر اثر بر هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع خاک باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Particle Size, Amounts, and Sources of Biochar on Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in Two Texturally Different Soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Yekzaban 1
  • Seyyed Ali Akbar Moosavi 2
  • Abdolmajid Sameni 3
  • Mahrooz Rezaei 4
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Biochar application to agricultural soils has been proposed as a way to increase crop production by improving soil properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of sources, amounts, and particle sizes of biochar on saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in two silty clay loam and sandy loam soils. In this study, palm leaf and lemon peel biochars were pyrolyzed at 500 °C for 3h. The obtained biochar was sorted into three particle sizes of ≤ 0.8, 0.8-2, and 2-4 mm, mixed into the soils at rate of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4%wt, and incubated in a research glasshouse of Shiraz University for 15 months (2019 to 2020). Results showed that the application of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4% of biochar caused a significant decrease in the mean value of Ksat in sandy loam by about 9%, 32%, 58%, and 65%, respectively, and also caused significant increase in the silty clay loam soil (except for 0.5%) by about 51%, 104%, and 231%, respectively, as compared to the control. Compared to lemon peel biochar, palm leaf biochar caused a significant increase in Ksat by 42% in the silty clay loam soil, but a significant decrease by 12% in the sandy loam soil. Furthermore, greater effects of the Ksat in both soils were observed after application of the fine size fraction of biochar (< 0.8 mm). The highest increase of Ksat in the silty clay loam soil and the highest decrease of Ksat in the sandy loam soil was observed in the soils treated by 4% of palm leaf biochar with particle size of smaller than 0.8 mm. In general, the results of this study can be used as a guide for selecting the amount and size of the applied biochar in terms of their effects on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity..

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil amendment
  • Palm leaf
  • Lemon peel
  • Sandy loam
  • Silty clay loam

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 36، شماره 3
آذر 1401
صفحه 321-334

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