تأثیر منبع نیتروژن و میزان روی بر رشد و ترکیب شیمیائی برنج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیأت علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی هرمزگان (دانشجوی دکتری خاکشناسی

2 استاد بخش خاکشناسی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

راندمان استفاده از نیتروژن در اراضی شالیزار از دیگر اراضی کمتر است. این امر معلول تلفات بیشتر نیتروژن از طریق آبشویی، نیترات زدایی و تصعید نیتروژن در این اراضی می باشد. در سالهای اخیر، ‌کوشش‌هایی به عمل آمده است تا راندمان استفاده از نیتروژن را از راههای گوناگون بالا ببرند. یکی از این راهها استفاده از کود نیتروژن دار مناسب می‌باشد. از طرف دیگر کمبود روی از بارزترین کمبودهای عناصر غذایی در خاکهای آهکی بخصوص شالیزارها می‌باشد، که به طور جدی باعث کاهش عملکرد می‌شود. به منظور بررسی تأثیر دو عامل فوق بر رشد و ترکیب شیمیائی برنج (رقم قصرالدشتی)، آزمایشی با چهار منبع کود نیتروژن دار اوره، اوره با پوشش گوگردی، سولفات آمونیوم و کلرید آمونیوم و سه سطح روی (0، 5 و 10 میلی گرم روی درکیلوگرم خاک به صورت سولفات روی) در گلخانه انجام پذیرفت. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد 10 میلی‌گرم روی در کیلوگرم خاک باعث افزایش معنی دار وزن ماده خشک اندام هوایی برنج گردید. همچنین استفاده از اوره با پوشش گوگردی نسبت به سایر منابع کود نیتروژن دار با حداکثر تولید ماده خشک همراه بود. سولفات آمونیوم نسبت به سایر منابع نیتروژنی باعث بیشترین افزایش غلظت نیتروژن گردید. میانگین جذب و غلظت نیتروژن و روی با مصرف روی به صورت معنی داری افزایش یافتند. هرچند کاربرد روی و منابع نیتروژن تأثیر معنی داری بر غلظت کلروفیل نداشت، اما افزودن 5 میلی‌گرم روی در کیلوگرم خاک سبب افزایش معنی دار سطح برگ گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Growth and Chemical Composition of Rice as Affected by Nitrogen Sources and Rates of Zinc

نویسندگان [English]

  • Y. Hosseini 1
  • M. Maftun 2
1 Member of scientific staff of Hormozgan Agricultural Research Center (Currently a Ph D. student in Soils, Tarbiat Modarres University)
2 Professor in Soils Department, School of Agriculture, shiraz University, respectively.
چکیده [English]

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is usually lower in paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) than upland crops. This is due to nitrogen leaching, denitrification and volatilization. Attempts have been made to increase NUE through the use of different nitrogen (N) carriers, rice cultivars and nitrification and urease inhibitors. Moreover, zinc deficiency is the most important nutrient deficiencies in waterlogged calcareous soils, which causes yield reduction. This greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of four nitrogen sources [urea (U), sulfur-coated urea (SCU), ammonium sulfate (AS) and ammonium chloride (AC) at a nitrogen rate of 200 mg N.kg-1soil] and three Zn rates (0, 5 and 10 mg.kg-1 soil as zinc sulphate). The experiment was factorially arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Application of 20 mg Zn kg-1 soil increased rice growth significantly. The highest top dry weight was obtained with SCU and was  followed by AS, AC and U. The highest increase in N concentration was obtained with AS in comparison with other sources. Application of Zn increased N and Zn concentration and uptake. Nitrogen sources and Zn rates had no significant effect on chlorophyll content. Application of 5 mg Zn kg-1 soil, however, increased leaf area significantly.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrogen sources
  • Zinc
  • Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 19، شماره 2
اسفند 1384
صفحه 163-171

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