بررسی کارایی جذب بور در کاهو، اسفناج و چغندر‌ برگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

بور یکی از عناصر محدود کننده‌ رشد در خاک­های آهکی بوده و کمبود آن اثرات جبران‌ناپذیری را بر رشد و عملکرد گیاهان بر جای خواهد گذاشت. گیاهان مختلف کارایی‌های متفاوتی در جذب بور داشته و سازوکارهای متعددی را برای این منظور بکار می‌برند. به منظور بررسی راهکارهای مختلف گیاهان در افزایش کارایی جذب و استفاده از بور، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. آزمایش با سه سطح بور (صفر=B0، 5/1   B1.5= و3 B3=کیلوگرم در هکتار) از منبع اسید بوریک و سه گیاه (کاهو، اسفناج و چغندر برگی) اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش سطوح بور نسبت به شاهد، وزن خشک اندام هوایی در گیاهان افزایش یافت. بیشترین زیست توده اندام هوایی برای کاهو در سطح (B3)، و به میزان 32% بود که نشان می‌دهد کاهو نسبت به افزایش سطوح بور پاسخ بیشتری داشته است. تفاوت غلظت بور در اسفناج (8/61 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) و چغندر برگی (4/71 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم)، نسبت به کاهو (31 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم)، در شرایط کمبود بور (B0)، بیانگر اهمیت خصوصیات ریشه و عوامل مؤثر در حلالیت و افزایش جذب بور از قبیل تراوشات ریشه بود. میزان غلظت و جذب بور در اندام هوایی و ریشه در اسفناج نسبت به کاهو و چغندر برگی، بیشتر تحت تأثیر سطوح بور قرار گرفت، بطوریکه در گیاه اسفناج در سطح 3 کیلوگرم در هکتار، غلظت بور در اندام هوایی و ریشه به ترتیب 44% و 30% و جذب در اندام هوایی و ریشه به ترتیب 53% و 37% نسبت به شاهد افزایش داشت. بطور کلی، ورودی (اینفلاکس) زیاد بور به اسفناج و چغندر برگی و ورودی (اینفلاکس) کمتر آن به کاهو دلیلی بر کارایی متفاوت این گیاهان در جذب بور بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Boron Uptake Efficiency in Lettuce, Spinach and Leaf Beet

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Akbarnejad 1
  • Reza Khorassani 2
  • Amir Fotovat 3
1 PhD student, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]

Boron deficiency is an important disorder that can affect plant growth in calcareous soils. Various plants have different mechanisms of uptake. To investigate the different strategies of plants in increasing the efficiency of boron uptake, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The experiment was conducted with three levels of boron (B0, B1.5, and B3 kg/ha) in the form of boric acid and three plant species (spinach, lettuce, and leaf beet). The results revealed that addition of boron enhanced shoot dry matter content in all plants. Lettuce shoot biomass was increased by 32% at B3, indicating that lettuce had a greater growth response to boron levels. Differences in boron concentrations in spinach (61.8 mg kg-1) and leaf beets (71.4 mg kg-1) compared to lettuce (31 mg kg-1) at the B0 level showed the importance of root characteristics and other factors affecting boron solubility and uptake efficiency such as root exudates. The concentration and uptake of boron in spinach were more affected by boron levels compared to lettuce and leaf beet. In spinach, the shoot and root boron concentration increased by 44% and 30%, respectively, and uptake in shoot and root also increased by 53% and 37%, respectively, at B3, compared to the control. Generally, different efficiencies of these plants in boron uptake were due to the high boron influx into spinach and leaf beet and low influx into lettuce.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Boron fertilization
  • Influx
  • Leafy vegetables
  • Root length
  • Root surface area

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پژوهش های خاک
دوره 36، شماره 3
آذر 1401
صفحه 275-288

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